PMA209 2012 Core Avionics Master Plan - NAVAIR - U.S. Navy

Core Avionics Master Plan 2012 Appendix A-4Manned / Unmanned Airspace Integration (ADS-B “Out/In”) (2025) FAA isalready planning for integration of operations of unmanned platforms into the NationalAirspace. The drive is coming from requirements to conduct military operations andtraining, as well as a demand for civil application unmanned platforms (border patrol,property and livestock management, etc.). It is currently felt that the autonomousoperations and automatic recovery functions will require both ADS-B ‘Out’ and ‘In’situational awareness in order to ensure safe separation.C. Cooperative Combat Identification (ID). The Combat ID CapstoneRequirements Document (CRD) defines Combat ID as follows: “the process of attainingan accurate characterization of detected objects in the joint battlespace to the extentthat high confidence, timely application of military options and weapons resources canoccur.” The Cooperative Combat ID capability element addresses systems that enabledetection and positive identification of friendly forces, coalition partner forces and civilneutrals that are cooperatively providing signals to identify themselves.1. Current capabilities. Identification Friend or Foe (Mode 1,2,3/A,C,4); One WayBlue Force Reporting.Most military aircraft provide their identification using modes of the Mark XII IFFlegacy systems. Modes 1, 2 and 4 are reserved for military use, with Mode 4 usingencrypted interrogations. Modes 3/A and C are used jointly by both civil and militaryATC. The legacy IFF architecture is cooperative in nature and employs a Question andAnswer (Q&A) exchange format. Replies to interrogations identify contacts as friendly orneutral and provide limited mission data. This information is used to confirm friendlycontacts, enhance air traffic control and prevent fratricide. Cooperative Combat IDapplies to both military and civil contacts. Civil aircraft are also using Mode S as theirprimary means to provide PPLI messages to ATC. Those signals, especially if theyinclude EHS parameters, could provide much more information to military operatorsthan can be interpreted by their Mode 3/A and C transponder interrogations; however,few military assets are currently equipped to exploit the Mode S signals. ADS-B ‘In’would enable exploitation of the information being widely broadcasted, but is not beexpected to be mature until after ADS-B ‘Out’ is broadly integrated.2. Funded Enhancements and Potential Pursuits.Improved Combat ID (Mode 5). (2013) NSA decertified Mode 4 in 2003. Mode 4 iscurrently authorized for use; however, NSA will no longer certify development ormodifications of systems that only provide Mode 4. Next generation interrogators andtransponders have been designed to facilitate a growth path for the integration of MARKXII/A Mode 5 IFF systems. Current USN Mode 5 equipment includes the AN/APX-123transponder and the AN/UPX-41(C) shipboard digital interrogator. Other IFF equipmentplanned for Mode 5 upgrades include the AN/APX-119, AN/APX-122, AN/APX-111(V),and AN/UPX-40. Per the current documented requirement, these systems are beingequipped with Mode 5 Level I interrogation and lethal interrogation override. Mode 5Level 1 provides target identification with a significant improvement in range, betterdiscrimination of closely-spaced platforms (reduced signal garbling using a randomreply delay instead of a fixed time delay), reduced false signals and a reduction inspoofing and exploitation vulnerability. This allows multiple aircraft in tactical formationto reply separately, offering greater SA to command and control elements and otherA-4 Cooperative Surveillance 10