Sustainable Building and Construction - International Environmental ...

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Sustainable Building and Construction Illustration 10: Treelike outline of the analysis of a sustainable building. D=Direct Criteria, I= Indirect Criteria The requirements for the construction of new buildings should be verified. In many cases it is more suitable to use already existing buildings, if they can meet the space requirements, then to demolish the existing building and to build a new one. Existing assets can be converted and often also extended, if there is more space required. The energy consumption caused by cooling, heating and lighting can be minimised by modification of the existing building structure, the attachment of relevant components and the replacement of inefficient components of the technical building equipment. There are two general possibilities for a building site, if a new building is required. The utilisation of a former already covered site (e.g. post- industrial or military sites) should be always preferred compared to a site on the green field to protect the natural environment as much as possible. In any case the site should be surveyed concerning potential contamination with hazardous substances and eventually recycled to protect the natural environment (e.g. related to soil quality, groundwater quality protection and gas emissions) as well as the human health. 16
Sustainable Building and Construction The elimination of plants and open ground for a building project should be minimised and compensated, e.g. by the re- naturalisation of already covered ground and the construction of green roof or cladding systems. The concept for urban planning and building construction should include decentralized nature-orientated water management systems to minimise the disturbance of the natural water cycle and to allow decentralized stormwater and sewage treatment as well as sustainable drinking water supply. Plants have a strong positive influence on the natural water cycle, the microclimate (concerning evaporation, dust absorption and elimination of hazardous substances) and are important Carbon Dioxide accumulators. Referring to this, additional information is e.g. available at the UNEP IETC website about Phytotechnologies: http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Activities/Freshwater/PhytoTechnology.asp . Building and construction projects should be generally optimised due to the following indicators, which have an influence on the environmental impact and the green house gas emissions of the building and construction sector. The single aspects and influencing factors which will be described more detailed and differentiated in the chapter “Design Approaches”. High Resource Productivity The utilisation of environmentally friendly materials with high resource productivity (e.g. Clay and Timber) and avoidance of materials with low resource productivity (e.g. Concrete and Steel) minimises the total mass and energy flow related to the production of building materials. Local Materials The utilisation of local materials minimises the effort for transportation and allows the preservation of the cultural identity and knowledge in the build environment by the utilisation of traditional materials. Renewable Materials The utilisation of renewable materials (made from renewable primary products, e.g. Bamboo, Timber and Wool), maximise the Carbon Dioxide storage and reduce the utilisation of non-renewable products. Their utilisation is sensible if they are locally available; their production is not causing exhausting cultivation and is not in competition with food production or is leading to any alternative environmental impacts. Durable Components and Materials The utilisation of structural and functional durable components and materials allow a long-term use as well as the reduction of maintenance and renovation and refurbishment costs during the lifetime of buildings. Structural and functional durability is crucial for the reuse of components. Reuse and Recycling The concept of Reuses and Recycling describes the idea that all components and materials can ever reused, refurbished and recycled, support life and never have to be deposited as waste. The utilisation of recycled materials saves resources and the utilisation of recyclable materials allows recycling. 17
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Appendix 1 - “Planning Tools for
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Appendix 2 - Life Cycle Assessment
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Appendix 2 - Life Cycle Assessment
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Appendix 3 - Internet Resources Sus
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Appendix 4 - International Case Stu
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Case Study Ethiopia - Hot and Dry C
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Case Study Tanzania - Hot and Humid
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Case Study Nicaragua - Hot and Humi
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Case Study Peru - Mountainous Clima
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Case Study China - Transition Zone
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Case Study Malaysia - Hot and Humid
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Case Study Philippines - Hot and Hu
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Case Study Thailand - Warm and Humi
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Case Study Australia - Moderate Cli
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Case Study Germany - Moderate Clima
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Appendix 5 - Physical Data From: Gu
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Appendix 6 - References Illustratio
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Appendix 7 - References Literature
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Appendix 7 - References Literature
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