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Sustainable Building and Construction Recycling materials from used or residual building materials can be differentiated in the following categories: - mineral recycling materials - wooden recycling materials - metal recycling materials - synthetic recycling materials Illustration 46: Soft fibre boards, made from scrap timber. 3.2.1.11.2.2 Recycling materials made of industrial by-products Recycling materials made of industrial by-products are materials and compounds which accrue during industrial processes and can be used for the fabrication of new products or can be applied to another utilisation. Like all other products, the harmlessness for men and nature must be warranted by regular inspections. 3.2.1.11.2.3 Recycling materials made of other products, e.g. consumer goods The return of consumer goods to the material circle by processing recycling materials and their utilisation for the fabrication of new building products offers a further potential saving of natural resources, energy and green house gas emissions besides the utilisation of recycled materials made of residual building materials and industrial by-products. All components and building materials, which can be classified in the following 11 groups can be potentially reused or recycled and can even be made out of recycled materials: 1. Plaster, Mortar-layers und Floor Pavement 2. Concrete and Light-Concrete 3. Construction Boards, Facings and taken down Ceilings. 4. Wall building materials 5. Insulating Material 6. Windows and Glass Illustration 47: lawn grid element, made from recycling-plastic. 44
Sustainable Building and Construction 7. Timber and Derived Timber Products 8. Ceramics and Natural Stones 9. Gaskets and und Sealant Films 10. Roofing and Metals 11. Flooring A very good and wide overview about reuse and recycling and other aspects of sustainable building and construction in developing countries is given in the proceedings of CIB W107 1st International Conference: Creating a sustainable construction industry in developing countries, 11 to 13 November 2000, Stellenbosch, South Africa. Available at: http://buildnet.csir.co.za/cdcproc/3rd_proceedings.html “The International Centre for Science and High Technology (ICS) is an international technology centre of the United Nations International Development Organization (UNIDO), created to assist countries in their industrial development through technology transfer programmes. ICS Gives a Hand to Developing Countries, it adopts a strategy of project proposals to solve pressing needs. For instance a building waste recycling plant has been proposed for Afghanistan which will turn building debris into bricks. Reusing debris will help local authorities to clean up war damaged areas and at the same time produce low-cost basic building materials for construction.” Available at: http://www.ics.trieste.it/news/projects.htm 3.2.2 Climate Responsive Building Design 3.2.2.1 Introduction Compared with the total energy consumption of buildings during their entire life phase, the proportion for heating, cooling and ventilation as well as the supply with hot water and electricity covers a significant proportion. Additionally the related GHG emissions related with the building use are generally comparatively high, compared with the GHG emitted during the construction and deconstruction phases, like already explained in the chapter “Proportion of a building’s life phases on the total GHG emissions”. Therefore savings in this area are crucial to solve the general problem and to reach the goal of sustainable building and construction. Some of these savings can be achieved by optimisation of building service engineering and electronic equipment but they will be only significantly effective if they are utilised on the basis of a climate responsive building. The conception of these does not need primarily new technologies but requires an intelligent planning process, which includes detailed knowledge about the interaction between the local climate and the energy consumption of building and the consequently implementation in the building design. This chapter will give a comprehensive analysis and explanation of the basic conditions of climate responsive building design which have been developed for places in different climate zones and in combination with old basic strategies (e.g. heat storage, thermal insulation, passive use of solar energy, cross ventilation and shading) as well as with actual developments in the areas of design, construction, 45
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Appendix 2 - Life Cycle Assessment
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Appendix 2 - Life Cycle Assessment
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Appendix 3 - Internet Resources Sus
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Appendix 4 - International Case Stu
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Case Study Ethiopia - Hot and Dry C
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Case Study Tanzania - Hot and Humid
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Case Study Nicaragua - Hot and Humi
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Case Study Peru - Mountainous Clima
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Case Study China - Transition Zone
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Case Study Malaysia - Hot and Humid
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Case Study Philippines - Hot and Hu
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Case Study Thailand - Warm and Humi
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Case Study Australia - Moderate Cli
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Case Study Germany - Moderate Clima
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Appendix 5 - Physical Data From: Gu
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Appendix 6 - References Illustratio
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Appendix 7 - References Literature
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Appendix 7 - References Literature
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