Sustainable Building and Construction - International Environmental ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

3.2.2.3 Climate Factors Sustainable Building and Construction The term Climate is defined here according to lexica and simplified scientific elucidations as the typical coactions of atmospheric and meteorological conditions on the earth surface over a longer period, in the specific characteristics for a place or a region (climate zone). The typical climate of a region is also dependent on the coaction of different coefficients. For the conception of buildings, which main function is to shelter people from unfavourable weather conditions, the following climate factors are particular important: - The radiation of sunlight (direct and diffuse) - The air temperature and their short- and long-term fluctuations (day/ year) - The relative air moisture (humidity in dependence on the air temperature) - The airflows (power and direction) - The precipitations (quantity and periodic appearance) A simple regional classification of climate differentiates between “macroclimate” and “microclimate”. Sometimes the term “mesoclimate” is utilised for the further differentiation. The macroclimate is determined by the location of a region according to latitudes, continental masses and the oceans. It can be regarded as almost unchangeable by single construction measures and therefore creates the superior conditions for the climate responsive building and construction. The microclimate is dependent on the local conditions of a site and its immediate surroundings, including vegetation and buildings in the neighbourhood and whether its location is on slope, in the valley or in the plain. The microclimate can be influenced by landscape design and constructive measures. Therefore the effects on the buildings and on the indoor climate can be controlled significantly with intelligent design strategies. The indoor - or building climate is composed out of all bioclimatic factors inside of a building or in its direct neighbourhood and is critical for the human wellbeing in and around that building. The room climate is a direct result of the design concept and constructive measures, even in combination with or without technical equipment for climate control. 3.2.2.4 Climate zones and structural requirements The main climate zones and their distinctive features are generally simplified classified in 4 main zones: - Hot and humid climate zones - Hot and dry climate zones - Temperate climate zones - Cold climate zones 48
Sustainable Building and Construction Neglecting the particular modifying influences of a site which are effected by the altitude, the arrangement of water- and land-masses in the region or special wind conditions (e.g. monsoon climate), the climate zones are located from the equator to the both poles in similarly parallel belts around the globe. The first two climate zones are located between the northern (23,45° north) and the southern (23,45° south) tropic and therefore are called “tropics”. Illustration 48: World map with the 4 main climate zones. With increasing distance to the equator, the temperate climate zones and the cold climate zones follow. The transition areas between the temperate and the tropic climates sometimes are identified as subtropical zones. The Climate Classification System first introduced by the Russian-German climatologist Wladimir Koeppen in the year 1900, which is the most widely used classification system today the world climates can be more differentiated described according to the following chart, available at: http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011700b.htm?terms=k%F6ppen : 49
Page 1 and 2: Sustainable Building and Constructi
Page 7 and 8: 1.2 Population and climate change S
Page 19 and 20: 3.2 Design Approaches Sustainable B
Page 47: Sustainable Building and Constructi
Page 55 and 56: 3.2.2.4.2 Arid Climate Zones Sustai
Page 59 and 60: Illustration 50f: Underground build
Page 69 and 70: 3.2.2.5 Data and Planning Tools Sus
Page 75 and 76: Illustration 55: Light directing co
Page 79 and 80: Illustration 66: Solar gain factors
Page 83 and 84: 3.2.3.4 Mechanical Ventilation: Sus
Page 85 and 86: Illustration 69b: Material and surf
Page 87 and 88: 3.2.3.5 .1.1 Evaporative Cooling Su
Page 89 and 90: 3.2.3.5 .1.2 Ground Cooling Sustain
Page 91 and 92: 3.2.3.5 .1.4 Refrigerative Cooling
Page 99 and 100:
Appendix 1 - “Planning Tools for
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Appendix 2 - Life Cycle Assessment
Page 107 and 108:
Appendix 2 - Life Cycle Assessment
Page 109 and 110:
Appendix 3 - Internet Resources Sus
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Appendix 4 - International Case Stu
Page 125 and 126:
Case Study Ethiopia - Hot and Dry C
Page 127 and 128:
Case Study Tanzania - Hot and Humid
Page 129 and 130:
Case Study Nicaragua - Hot and Humi
Page 131 and 132:
Case Study Peru - Mountainous Clima
Page 133 and 134:
Case Study China - Transition Zone
Page 135 and 136:
Case Study Malaysia - Hot and Humid
Page 137 and 138:
Case Study Philippines - Hot and Hu
Page 139 and 140:
Case Study Thailand - Warm and Humi
Page 141 and 142:
Case Study Australia - Moderate Cli
Page 143 and 144:
Case Study Germany - Moderate Clima
Page 145 and 146:
Appendix 5 - Physical Data From: Gu
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Appendix 6 - References Illustratio
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Appendix 7 - References Literature
Page 165 and 166:
Appendix 7 - References Literature
show all

Sustainable Building and Construction - International Environmental ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?