Iowa Section of AADR - The University of Iowa College of Dentistry

8. Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Asymmetry in Unaffected Relatives of NSCL/P Individuals
E.K. Wang 1 , D.R. Blanchette 1 , C.M. Kummet 1 , S. Miller 1 , L.M. Moreno 1 , D.V. Dawson 1
1 University of Iowa
Objectives: To compare patterns of three-dimensional facial asymmetry in unaffected siblings of individuals with
nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL/P) to those of controls, including assessment of feasibility,
developing a diagnostic system for craniofacial phenotyping.
Methods: Existing 3D facial scans of 51 unaffected siblings (30M/21F) and 29 controls (15M/14F) with no family
history of clefting were landmarked by a calibrated rater using 3dMD software (Atlanta, GA) for 8 midline and 8
pairs of bilateral sites, for a total of 24 standard anthropometric soft tissue landmarks . Subject ages ranged from 5
to 16 years (median 10 years). 3D landmark coordinates were extracted and standardized through translation and
were used as measures of facial asymmetry. Differences in asymmetry between NSCL/P siblings vs. controls were
assessed using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and via multivariate logistic regression to adjust for age and gender.
Analyses were carried out with and without centroid scaling to adjust for facial size.
Results: Feasibility of the method was established, with excellent intra-rater reliability (ICCs of 0.83 — 0.99 in all
three coordinates of 24 landmarks). Evidence was found for an effect of age (p=0.037) on crista philtri asymmetry
which strengthened (p=0.0085) after facial size adjustment via centroid scaling; a gender effect was also suggested
measures in relatives of NSCL/P cases vs. controls.
Conclusion: Soft tissue asymmetry studies are feasible and results from this pilot study will provide useful
information for future well-powered studies, which should consider adjustment for the effects of age, facial size, and
gender.
Supported by: NIDCR Training Grant T32 DE014678-09
9. faces.
C.M. Schiltz 1 , J.L. Kolker 1 , J.S. Wefel 1 , C.M. Kummet 1 , M.M. Hogan 1 , J.D. Harless 1 , D.V. Dawson 1
1 University of Iowa
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of commercially available, and professionally prescribed or
Methods: On 121 non-carious root surfaces a 1mm X 6mm window was created and exposed to a simulated oral
environment. Each surface was randomly assigned to 1 of 5 groups: Control, 3M Cavity Shield 5% NaF Varnish
(22,000 ppm — applied once), Oral-B® Neutra-Foam® 2% NaF (9,000 ppm — applied once), PreviDent 5000
Plus TM (5,000 ppm — applied daily), or Crest® Cavity Protection (1,100 ppm — applied daily). For 17 days,
every 24 hours the teeth were exposed cyclically to demineralizing solution (acetic acid - pH 4.3 — 2 hours),
(control, varnish, foam) for 1 hours/min. Teeth were then sectioned, exposing the internal surface of the root
windows. Lesion depths were measured using polarized light microscopy and Image Pro Plus computer software.
Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and pairwise comparisons were performed using SAS 9.2 and R statistical software.
Results:
highest in the control group (144.52 µm) followed by Neutra-foam (128.63 µm), Varnish (120.18 µm), Crest (85.37
each other after adjustment for multiple comparisons to preserve an overall Type I error of 0.05 (Tukey-Kramer
adjusted p=0.0492 for 3M Cavity Shield Varnish and Neutra-Foam comparison and adjusted p