Part B, Working Papers, February 1974 - Special Collections - US ...

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Studies of the Inland Forests of South Vietnamand the Effects of Herbicides Upon Those ForestsThis Is a collection of background papers that describe the basis forthe analysis of damage to the inland forests of South Vietnam.These studieswere conducted by a forestry study team under the chairmanship of James S.Bethel, a member of the NAS Committee on the effects of herbicides in Vietnam.The forestry study team was constituted as follows:James S. BethelKenneth J. TurnbullChairmanVice-ChairmanForest Characterization:Jose FloresSanga SabhasriSowsak SukwongWi11iam HathewayJoseph O'LearyCharles WickManuel ContrerasDamage Assessment:Charles PetersonDavid BriggsJoseph O'LearyLouis KelleyBruce BurwellWilliam Yeager<strong>Special</strong> Area Studies:David BriggsJose FloresRobert WadsworthCharles Wick
I. Introduction
Page 1 and 2: Item D Number ^sse D Not ScannedAut
Page 3: THE EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES IN SOUTH
Page 8 and 9: such a manner as to permit Its exte
Page 10 and 11: for Cambodia east of the Mekong Riv
Page 12 and 13: Inhibited by the absence of a fores
Page 14 and 15: able to troops. They quickly may be
Page 16 and 17: activity as they and their predeces
Page 18 and 19: subjected to other military actions
Page 20 and 21: forest experiment stations in Thail
Page 22 and 23: SOUTH CHINA SEAFigure 1-2 Military
Page 24 and 25: References Cited(1) Gartuer, E. J.
Page 26 and 27: II.The History of Human Use of the
Page 28 and 29: Cambodian Inventory project says wi
Page 30 and 31: Cambodia's 33»700 square miles of
Page 32 and 33: It Js useful to examine some of the
Page 34 and 35: tree crown densities prior to the I
Page 36 and 37: Both cultivated areas and grassland
Page 38 and 39: APPENDIX .1A Study of Succession fr
Page 40 and 41: The permanent denuded quadrat was o
Page 42 and 43: emoved. Ourlnq the 1
Page 44 and 45: trends are still directed toward dr
Page 46 and 47: Table II-l (cont. - 2)SpeciesTotal
Page 48 and 49: Table II-2Species abundance in seed
Page 50 and 51: Table II-3Species from sapling enum
Page 52 and 53: Table II-4 (Cont. - p. 2)SpeciesTot
Page 54 and 55:
Table II-6Species abundance from sa
Page 56 and 57:
Table II-7 (Cont. - p. 2)SpeciesTot
Page 58 and 59:
(9) Nuttonson, M. Y., 1963.The phys
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A. Identification of Forest Feature
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Beforereviewing the methods by whic
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from that of temperate forests.The
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(Tectona grand is) can be readily s
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Swellengrebel (37) has found that u
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B. Comparison of use of Photogramme
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where H = tree height, CA = crown a
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coefficients were fairly high (r=0.
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therefore would be more easily Iden
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The third approach was to estimate
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dominantly terrestrial. This is due
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provide only a "very rough estimate
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C. Stem Diameter/Crown Diameter Rel
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without the factors of density and
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existing Information from other cou
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Analysis of covarlance was used to
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obtained by many other investigator
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Sampling grid9 x 18 » 162quadrats1
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Table III-lNumber of Quadrats Havin
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Mean number of dead12merchantable t
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E. Errors in Tree Counting and Volu
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Figure III-2J-shaped curve of Tree
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the commercial trees are usually at
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error is the smallesttrees which ha
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Random ErrorEven if a well-trained
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all but the random error by use of
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11. _ 19S9. The Application of Aeri
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31. Richards, P. W. 1952. The Tropi
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I. INTRODUCTIONThe task of the fore
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Figure IV-1DIAMETER-HEIGHT RELATION
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Figure IV-2DIAMETER-HEIGHT RELATION
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tuberculatus tree just discussed ha
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In five-meter log components.The vo
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volume at any given time, Is also a
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concerning stand structure while es
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following:total heights, inventory
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species, thus increasing the utiliz
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computed by the following integrati
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D. Exploitable Merchantable Volume
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TABLE IV-6. Exploitable Merchantabl
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ased upon samples of species compos
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METERS50 J4O J?METERS
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extensively by man, they are not co
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12 3VT - Z Z Aa.n.s .v.1=1 j=l ' '
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Table IV-10. Volume SummaryType of
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Table IV-12. Inventory Total Volume
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Table IV-14. Inventory Merchantable
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Table IV-16. Exploitable Merchantab
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(8) Sandrasegaran, K. 1971."Height-
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crop. If there is not a sufficient
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B- Exploited hardwood forestsA larg
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or even extensive areas of timber,
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Vulnerability of forest stands to a
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Table V-l. Crown Characteristics of
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Study of the forests of South Vietn
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the trees continued to grow.The tas
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Having been satisfied that the prot
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commercial species. That is, the de
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Military Region 3.This step, theref
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the number of loss model trees givi
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per tree which is in agreement with
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crownwood yields an estimate of woo
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was not a responsibility of the Com
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Figure V-lUnsprayed forest showing
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Figure V-3Appearance of very old bo
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manufacturing problems; production
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of the overstoryforest cover except
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extensive aerial reconnaissance and
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total area, film j - obtained from
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Table V-l. Basic Data Used in the L
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Table V-2. Results of the loss Made
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gains are rapid until some point af
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species, and environmental conditio
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use of resulting prediction equatio
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transforms.Since there were several
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The usual procedure in assay work p
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Table 1 Herbicides and applications
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Figure 2Response of Plnus lambertia
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- 7(Dto c-D -Ioj?Id(Au>oa-.inO-hI01
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c -\n>in o3 cr-maO c-» to3 rf.at o
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The response of the Inland Forest o
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Darrow, R. A., G. B. Truchulet, C.
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Appendix V-3Inventory Model Descrip
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Thfs procedure was programmed in Fo
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41 3.4742 2.995 14.266 1.587 .078 .
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APPENDIX V-4Computation of Nonmerch
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ehave in response to herbicide trea
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To obtain crown volume, assume crow
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In order to deal in some detail wit
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observation is that many of the tre
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The April 1966 coverage gives no in
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Much of the bombed area in the gene
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Table VT-2The classification of lan
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egetatlonClassTable VI-5 Percent of
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Figure VI-2 Spray Hit Map for the S
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VI !/Figure VI-4 1969 1:50,000 Phot
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Figure VI-6 1967 Photography of the
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vr-nFigure VI-7a Close Up of Road I
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VI-23road 246Total trees relocated
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Figure VI-11 1966 Photography of Va
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VI-2/Figure VI-13 1966 Photography
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- • flrW, >!f » •" "•**VI-2
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The study of the inland forests of
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use might appear to be very substan
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This has been a problem for the for
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If computed on the basis of 90 cubi
Page 277 and 278:
Both Flamm and Westing examine dama
Page 279:
References'. Catfnot, R. 1972. Biol
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