Annual Report 2011-2012 - Nabi.res.in

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NATIONAL AGRI-FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY INSTITUTETable 1: List of putative phytic acid biosynthesis pathway genes regulatedduring the anthesis in wheat plants.Probe set Gene Bank ID Annotated function(based on blast homology)Ta.27561.1.S1_at CK215630 inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1 -kinase 1 (from Zeamays)Ta.30464.1.A1_at CK214494 inositol hexaphosphate kinase (from Arabidopsis)Ta.5574.1.S1_a_at BJ227701 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5 -kinase-like(from Oryza sativa Japonica)TaAffx.113052.1 .S1_at CA618510 inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1 -kinase 1 (from Zeamays)TaAffx.121326.1.S1_at CA690518 inositol 1,3,4 -trisphosphate 5/6 -kinase (fromOryza sativa Japonica)TaAffx.19998.1.A1_at CD867474 inositol phosphate kinaseTaAffx.112860.1.S1_at AF532601 multidrug resistance associated like protein :MRP2 (Zea mays: lpa-1 gene)1.2 Accelerated breeding for qualityimprovementPrincipal Investigator:Monika GargResearch Fellows:Rohit KumarVishal GuptaShaweta AroraIntroduction:is well known. The protein content and typesdetermine the end product quality like bread,biscuit, cake, chapatti and noodles etc. Biscuitmaking requires soft wheat with low proteincontent and specific combination of differentalleles (2+12 allele of High Molecular Weightglutenin subunit gene (HMW-GS) at chromosome1D (locus GluD1), Pina-D1a, Pinb-D1a alleles ofpuroindoline gene etc). Bread making requireshard wheat with high protein content and specificcombination of different alleles (5+10 allele ofGluD1-HMWGS, Pina-D1b, Pinb-D1a/b etc).Chapatti making requires medium strength wheatwith medium protein content. The contribution ofdifferent genes/alleles to chapatti making ispoorly understood.In the developed countries, grain market is drivenby wheat quality. A wheat class/grade is awardedto a product based on its processing and end-usequality. Validated markers are available for eachproduct type and are being routinely used. Indiancultivars are released based upon agro climatic Research Objectives:zones, time of sowing and soil fertility. Validatedmarkers are not available for a major product i.e.lchapatti. Available validated markers are notbeing utilized. In India, there is a need of breedingcultivars, based upon their processing qualityl Marker discovery.(milling and baking characteristics), markerdevelopment and utilization of validated markers.lGeneration of breeding material withimproved processing quality.Generation of near isogenic lines for markerdiscovery.Processing quality of wheat depends upon seeds l Generation of RIL populations to validateharvested from field and its components like markers.proteins, starch, non starch carbohydrates andlipids. Protein's contribution to processing quality19
NATIONAL AGRI-FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY INSTITUTELong Term Objectives:lines. PCR multiplexing for selection ofgrain softness genes in the backcross linesl Development and validation of markerswas standardised.associated with different processing qualitytraits. 2. Accelerated breedingl Screening of generated breeding material For improvement of bread making qualityfor multiple traits and introduction into we are utilizing wild species of wheat andmultinational trials with the help of their genetic stocks (addition lines,Directorate of Wheat Reaearch (DWR)/ substitution lines and translocation lines) asState University scientists to design end donors. For improvement of biscuit makingproduct (bread, biscuit, chapatti) specific quality, we are utilizing two soft wheatcultivars.landraces NAP HAL and IITR67 as donorsResearch in Progress:of grain softness. For chapatti making oldcultivars C306 and LOK1 (well known for1. Marker discoverytheir good chapatti quality) are beingutilized. Factors/genes from the donors areThree traits (bread, biscuit and chapattibeing transferred to agronomically superiormaking) and the factors responsible for theirbackground by accelerated breedinggood quality are under study. Transapproach.criptomics studies at different developmentalstages of good (C306 and LOK1) a. For improvement of chapatti makingand poor chapatti making varietiesquality, good chapatti making old(Sonalika and WH291) indicated that cultivars were crossed with high yieldingamong the earlier reported genes affectingrecent cultivars (PBW343, PBW550 andwheat processing quality, granule boundPBW621). Crossed seeds werestarch synthase 1(GBSS1) was several foldsbackcrossed at DWR Regional Station,down-regulated in good chapatti varieties.Dalang Maidan, Lahaul, HimachalGBSS1 is involved in amylose starchPradesh during off season. One hundredsynthesis. Genomic variation of GBSS1 wasand eighty nine BC 1 plants were screenedstudied in several wheat cultivars. Allelicfor absence of GBSS-1B and out of themvariation of GBSS1 in Indian cultivarssixty plants were selected. Negative plantsindicated that GBSS-A1 and GBSS-D1 geneswere backcrossed with selected cultivarswere non-polymorphic and present in all theand BC 2 plants have been sown at Dalangcultivars studied. GBSS-B1 gene wasMaidan.polymorphic based on presence/absencealleles. Preliminary study on different b. For improvement of biscuit makingcultivars and lines with known chapattiquality, donor landraces were againmaking quality indicated that absence ofcrossed with high yielding recent cultivarsGBSS-B1 gene was co-related with good(PBW343, PBW550 and PBW621).chapatti making quality (Figure 22). AmongCrossed seeds were backcrossed atstarch pasting characteristics, breakdown inDalang Maidan during off season. Oneviscosity was found to be co-related withhundred and seventy eight BC 1 plantsgood chapatti making quality. Validation ofwere selected based upon presence ofrelationship between GBSS1 and (Rheopuroindoline gene PinaD1a and fiftyVisco Analyzer) RVA-breakdown ofselected plants were backcrossed withviscosity in chapatti making is in progress. selected cultivar. BC 2 plants have beenFor improvement of biscuit making qualitysown at Dalang Maidan.major genes (puroindoline and HMW c. For improvement of bread making quality,glutenin genes) responsible for grainwild species/genetic stocks of Ag.softness were characterised in selectedelongatum, Ae. searsii and Ag.20
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Annual Report 2011-2012 - Nabi.res.in

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