Annual Report 2011-2012 - Nabi.res.in

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NATIONAL AGRI-FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY INSTITUTEknown as 'Seedless' or 'Bedana', have seeds ofvery small size with well-developed fleshypulp, in comparison to the common litchivarieties (Figure 2). The project aims toidentify genes related to small size of seeds bydoing tissue specific differential transcriptomicsof contrasting accessions of litchi.Research Objectives:lLong Term Objectives:llTo identify genes responsible for thedevelopment of fruits and seeds.To develop different varieties of seedlessfruit crops.Research in Progress:Differential transcriptomics of develop-ing fruits of contrasting genotypes ofAnnona species.1. A genotype, NMK-1, of Annona hasbeen identified with more number ofseedless fruitlets at Madhuban Nursery,Solapur, Maharashtra.2. Self-pollination and collection ofl Tissue specific differential transfertilizedcarpels (at different days aftercriptomics in ovules of contrastinggenotypes of Annona species at differentpollination) of contrasting genotypes,developmental stages.NMK-1 and common custard apple(Annona squamosa) is in progress atl Tissue specific differential trans- Solapur, Maharashtra.criptomics in ovules of contrasting litchi3. Litchi contrasting genotypes, showingaccessions, at different developmentaldifferences in seed development andstages.seed size are being screened forl Accessions of litchi, showing candidate genes to develop moleculardifferences in seed development and approaches to seedlessness. Polymorph-seed size to be screened for candidate ism in nucleotide sequences of agenes to develop molecular approaches candidate gene for seed developmentto seedlessness.has been identified (Figure 2). Furtherstudy on molecular details is in progress.Figure 2: Polymorphism in nucleotide sequence of a gene related to seedlessness indiverse accessions of litchi29
NATIONAL AGRI-FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE3.1.1 Development of approaches for the technology to prevent the development of seeds inmodulation of seedlessness through rootstock fruit crops, where seed may not be desirable bysignalingfood processing industry. Prevention of seedPrincipal Investigator:development may also lead to enhancing theproductivity and biomass. The objective of theRakesh Tulipresent proposal is to examine if siRNA basedCo-Investigator:Sudhir P. Singhsignaling can be applied to develop rootstocks,which may influence seed development in thescion, grafted on to the stock. The rootstock wouldResearch Fellow:transmit siRNAs, targeted for silencing of specificAnita Kumarigenes involved in the development of embryo andIntroduction:endosperm. Effect of silencing on thedevelopment of fruits and seeds on the graftedFruit crops are mostly propagated through asexualscion will be studied, using the model plantreproduction by grafting. In grafting, one plant isArabidopsis thaliana (Fugure 3). If successful, theselected for its roots and is called rootstock. Thestudy will be applied to a suitable horticulturalother plant is selected for its stems, leaves, flowerscrop plant.Research Objectives:llTo develop various transgenic plantsharbouring RNAi constructs targeting thegene expression in ovule involved in seeddevelopment.To examine the movement of RNAidelivered from root-stock to scion affectingexpression of genes in Arabidopsis.Long Term Objective:l Development of improved rootstock for theFigure 3: Stem grafting in Arabidopsis thaliana.delivery of long distance signals into thescion.or fruits and is called the scion. Scion–rootstockinteraction affects the physiology and thusResearch in Progress:phenotype of the scion plant. For example, to 1. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressinginduce dwarfing in apple trees, scions are grafted reporter gene (GUS) have been developed.on to dwarf root stock to give smaller canopy, so Breeding of transgenic plants to obtainthat it becomes suitable for planting the trees at homozygous lines is in progress.higher density. In recent years, evidence2. Development of transgenic Arabidopsissuggestive of long-distance transport of signalslines expressing reporter gene in ovule is inthrough vascular system have been reportedprogress.appears to be increasing. Such signals caninfluence various developmental and 3. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressingphysiological processes such as flowering, (constitutive and phloem specific) doubletuberization, nodulation, leaf development, shoot stranded RNA- hairpin homologue ofbranching and disease resistance.reporter gene have been raised. Breeding oftransgenic plants to obtain homozygousThe research project anticipates establishment of a lines is in progress.technology which can lead to the development of a4. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressingnew approach to use transgenic rootstocks for(constitutive and phloem specific) doubledelivering specific siRNAs in non-transgenicstranded RNA- hairpin homologue ofscions for the modification of economicallycandidate gene of seed development haveimportant traits. In the present case, the principlebeen raised. Breeding of transgenic plants towill possibly lead to the application of theobtain homozygous lines is in progress30
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