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They have also attracted private development investments at unheard of levels. Withinthree blocks of both our light rail and streetcar line stations, we have seen more than$10 billion of private investments. Similar investments in trams in Adelaide will see similarinvestments in development.AttractivenessIncreased investment can provide a public transport system better able to fit a person’slifestyle and their choice of how to move around, by ensuring:• greater frequencies, to reduce the average waiting time for people who want to catcha bus, train or tram. Waiting for a service is a significant detractor to public transport.Numerous studies show that the perceived passage of time is at least twice as longfor an individual when they are waiting for their public transit vehicle than when theyare actually riding in it. This point is further underscored by published research by theTransportation Research Board, an arm of the US National Academy of Science• improved connectivity between services, effectively providing more services tomore places. It would be inefficient and unaffordable to expect public transport toprovide single seat service from any point A to any point B. However, connectionsbetween two services do make easy access to all areas of the region possible. Whatis needed are suitable locations for these improved connections to take place easily,conveniently and safely. This would be assisted by the increased frequencies, as moreservices reduce the waiting times between them• greater predictability. People’s travel needs are not confined to 9 am to 5 pm, Mondayto Friday, and so public transport needs to provide greater spans of service to meetthe public needs. In Portland, for many services there is little difference in the level ofservice provided on a weekday, a weekend or at night time. Frequencies are almostthe same, with the only real difference being an increase in peak periods, when ofcourse there is an increase in demand. Thus for Adelaide, the span of services mustcover larger portions of all seven days, with increased service levels provided at nighttimes and on weekends, including public holidays.All new buses purchased should be diesel-electric hybrid buses. Not only are theyenvironmentally cleaner, they are able to better integrate into active and densestreetscapes, such as Norwood’s The Parade, Glenelg’s Jetty Road, Henley Square, and theGrenfell Street Transit Mall, without smelly exhaust and particulates nor the typical roar ofdiesel-only buses.No public transport vehicles - trains, trams or buses - should have advertising coveringwindows. Passengers should be able see outside clearly whilst they are on their journey,and enjoy the pleasant scenery offered by many services, such as along the Torrens LinearPark when on an O-Bahn bus, the coastline when on the Noarlunga train, or the Parklandswhen on the Glenelg tram. Also, the community should be able to see into them, tohelp with boarding as well as to show how busy and well used the services are. Lastly,improved visibility enhances safety by providing more ‘eyes on the street’ as well as asense of safety for riders.AccessAs discussed in greater detail in section 3, the linkages for pedestrian to transit stationsare critical, as every transit trip begins and ends with a walking or biking trip. Importantmeasures include:• providing safe and easy access to transit stations• ensuring that footpaths are wide enough, flat and with good signage• providing clear lines of sight and lighting, both natural and artificial• increasing the amount of bike infrastructure, such as bike racks, particularly at trainstations and transfer points.These are very important improvements to public transport service provision and will resultin increasing patronage.It also means that train, tram and bus station design should enhance accessibility,especially for people who have a disability. Accessibility elements should include universalsignage, and amenities such as public toilets, drinking fountains and the like that are easyto find and use.I N C R E A S E D I N V E S T M E N T S I N P U B L I C T R A N S P O R T12 FRED HANSEN: ALL ON BOARDFRED HANSEN: ALL ON BOARD 13