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densities. Where there are heritage buildings the opportunity to re-purpose them will onlyadd to the excitement and attractiveness of these neighbourhoods. Higher density in-fillwill utilise air space to achieve that density.As this redevelopment takes place, the pedestrian must be kept at the forefront of theplanning as discussed previously. Footpaths must be expanded, safe biking corridorsestablished, traffic calming devices adopted, more safe crossings built for pedestrians,narrower streets established and ‘Walk’ cycles lengthened at all signalised intersections.A CBD tram loop will further improve the level of accessibility around the city, as seen withpeople accessing Victoria Square, the Central Markets, Rundle Mall and UniSA on NorthTerrace from the aforementioned extensions. This accessibility will make the city a muchmore active and livelier, in turn improving its liveability.Lastly, the establishment of a one-way street grid, allowing for much wider footpaths,must be explored fully to determine if it will assist in making the CBD become morepedestrian friendly while aiding the flow of traffic.Other communities throughout the greaterAdelaide regionIn existing communities throughout the greater Adelaide region one discovers historiccentral retail areas. These are often heritage buildings that are either boarded up or usedfor low-value retail or commercial activity. In limited places they are being restored and arehousing services that are vital to neighbourhoods, be they new cafes or restaurants, coffeehouses or the like.The focus on the city of Adelaide, its CBD, or major new developments at such sites asBowden or Woodville West, cannot overshadow the need to make every communitythroughout the greater Adelaide area more pedestrian and bike friendly. In-filldevelopment must be up to the highest design standards, be denser but still be sensitiveto the surrounding neighbourhood. A few shops – a butcher, deli, dry cleaner, cafes andcoffee houses – can become a focal point for a neighbourhood, drawing residents to themand ensuring that the community is walkable, bikeable, liveable and sustainable.It is critically important to ensure that there are high-value employment opportunitiesavailable nearby which are accessible by walking and biking. It is recognised that heavyindustry and manufacturing will occur in areas so designated and, by definition, willrequire many employees to travel longer distances that cannot generally be undertakenby walking and biking. For these trips public transport should assist, but for many tripsthe private vehicle will be the mode of choice. But as more high-value jobs are createdin the knowledge-based economy, these enterprises (which can generally locate almostanywhere) need to be near or in major residential areas where employees can walk or biketo their jobs.P U T T I N G P E D E S T R I A N S A N D B I C Y C L I S T S A T T H E C E N T R EExamples abound of fully integrated neighbourhoods, or areas that could easily becreated, throughout the Adelaide region.28 FRED HANSEN: ALL ON BOARDFRED HANSEN: ALL ON BOARD 29