International Journalismdescribe the feeling during that period.Like the baby boomers in America,the movers and shakers in today’s Spainbelong to the generation that rememberswhen you had to travel to Franceto buy censored books. They lookednorth for models to writetheir constitution, designtheir newspapers, and ignitetheir economy. Forthis generation, Europesymbolized what Spaindid not have underFranco: freedom of expression,prosperity, democracyand socialism.And now the euro, thelatest badge of an idealizedEurope, symbolizesall this as well.But in regions such asthe Basque Country andCatalunya, the euro hasextra meaning: independencefrom Spain. Whatwe now know as Spain,you see, is really a conglomerationof several“countries,” held togetherby 500 years ofcentralized, Castiliancontrol. Over the centuries,Spain’s centralizedgovernment would oftenrepress the regional cultures,prohibiting thespeaking of local languages.Now, enjoying thefreedom of Spain’s youngdemocracy, these socalled“nationalist” regionstake great pains toassert their non-Spanishidentity, even strugglingto break away altogetherfrom the state, in the case of the BasqueCountry. The peseta, here, is just onemore reminder of Spanish domination.The euro, on the other hand, is unblemishedand a sign that these regionaleconomies are tied not to Spain,but to the protective umbrella of Europe.And so, from Barcelona to La CoruñaThis headline reminds Spaniards there are only 30 days until the euroarrives and offers them “everything you have to know,” including anemergency guide.to Seville, Spanish newspapers churnout bank- and government-financedspecial supplements celebrating theeuro, the more pages the better. Theyprint colorful inserts on special themes,such as “how to get your business readyfor the euro.” They design cute graphicsshowing the price of a meal atMcDonald’s (3.56 euros) and the costof a color TV (966 euros). They addagony columns to business sections sothat banking experts can assuage thefears of ordinary readers who ask downhomeyquestions like, “Will the euromake prices rise?” And they give thebest play to articles with feel-good headlines,such as “The euro: panacea forthe euro-jobless,” and “The euro breaksthe dollar’s world hegemony.” In thesearticles, nobody loses a job; businessesjust become “more competitive.”For every dozen or so such articles,one appears with a critical voice, quotingone of Spain’s few socalled“euro-skeptics.” Thisis a derogatory term, and ordinaryjournalists do notwant it applied to them. Eventhough perfectly solid democracieslike England andSweden have rejected theeuro for the time being, inSpain such a position is unacceptable.To show skepticismin Spain is thereforeregarded as “undemocratic.”“Coming out with an articlehighly critical of the eurois like, in the United States,coming out in favor of socializedheath care and hightaxes,” says the businesswriter Ramón Muñoz of thenational daily El Mundo. “Ifyou say something, your colleaguesdismiss you with acondescending smile, likeyou’re weird. No one wantsto go against the current.”Don’t ask what happens ifthe economic current shifts,the economy takes a dive,and the euro has to swimupstream. The usual answer:“Only an American wouldthink of such a question.” ■Dale Fuchs went to Spainin September on aFulbright Fellowship forjournalists to study howthe Spanish press coversthe euro, and she is nowwriting features for a Spanish daily,El Mundo. In the United States, shecovered politics and education andwrote features for a Florida daily,The Palm Beach Post.<strong>Nieman</strong> Reports / Fall 1999 37
Journalist’s TradeJournalist’s Trade“Today it is difficult to pick up a sports section or watch a sporting event on TV without findingsome athlete’s privacy being invaded.” This observation rests at the center of Tom Witosky’sarticle that takes a close look at ways in which sportswriters make decisions about what aspectsof an athlete’s life merit publication. Witosky, sports projects reporter for The Des MoinesRegister, sets forth questions that reporters should consider when probing into personal aspectsof a sports figure’s life. Witosky’s article leads off a package of stories about sports reporting.Michael Crowley, a reporter at The Boston Globe, complicates this <strong>issue</strong> of how journlistsmesh what athletes do in their sport with what they do in their personal lives. Crowley dissectscoverage of basketball great Michael Jordan and discovers that being a “sports hero” acts as ashield, protecting him against reporting that might show unflattering aspects of life off the court.In an introductory essay David Halberstam wrote for “The Best American Sports Writing ofthe Century,” he reacquaints us with Gay Talese’s extraordinary portrait of Joe DiMaggio, who wasthe most celebrated athlete of his time but also a private man about whom little was known. Hedescribes how Talese approached his task of reporting about this “icon of icons.”Stan Grossfeld, a photographer at The Boston Globe, shares photos of a different sort of icon,Fenway Park, home of the Boston Red Sox. And Claire Smith, a sports columnist for ThePhiladelphia Inquirer, updates the situation for women sports reporters and finds that <strong>issue</strong>s suchas locker room access have been replaced by concerns about balancing work and family.Melissa Ludtke, a former Time correspondent, meshes personal and professionalperspectives to raise questions about “news” coverage of John F. Kennedy, Jr.’s plane crash.Bernice Buresh, a former Newsweek correspondent, points to the continuing absence ofnurses’ voices, experiences and research in the coverage of health care, and describes theconsequences of such inattention by journalists. Jean Chaisson, a nurse, raises some of the vitalquestions which reporters should be asking nurses about patient care.Edward M. Fouhy, a former top TV executive and now Editor of stateline.org, tells us what it’sbeen like for a long-time journalist to hook up with a much younger generation of “techies” tocreate a useful Web site for journalists covering state <strong>issue</strong>s.Kevin Noblet, Deputy International Editor at the Associated Press, reminds us that in this eraof “new media,” not a lot has changed in the way news agency reporters do their jobs. Thetechnology might be changing, but how the job gets done isn’t so different from years ago.■38 <strong>Nieman</strong> Reports / Fall 1999