Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Land in developing countries

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56Regarding the principles of international code ofconduct, the overwhelming view was that theseprinciples should have a flexible mechanism formonitoring and consider country-specific circumstances.Fundamental principles should cover:• “Land and Resource Rights: Existing rights toland and natural resources are recognised andrespected.• Food Security: Investments do not jeopardisefood security, but rather strengthen it.• Transparency, Good Governance and EnablingEnvironment: Processes for accessing land andmaking associated investments are transparent,monitored and ensure accountability.• Consultation and Participation: Those materiallyaffected are consulted and agreements fromconsultations are recorded and enforced.• Economic viability and responsible agro-enterpriseinvesting: Projects are viable economically,respect the rule of law, reflect industry bestpractice, and result in durable shared value.• Social Sustainability: Investments generatedesirable social and distributional impacts anddo not increase vulnerability.• Environmental Sustainability: Environmentalimpacts are quantified and measures taken toencourage sustainable resource use, whileminimising and mitigating them negativeimpact.” (Government of Japan, World Bank,FAO, IFAD, UNCTAD 2009).Furthermore, the need for additional research andanalysis on the extent, nature and impact oflarge-scale investments in agriculture is underlined.Likewise the Federal Ministry for EconomicCooperation and Development (2009) has designedsix basic principles in order to be able tomake use of the possible opportunities andpotential of foreign investments in land.While the analysis of FDI in land reveals risks andopportunities, the case studies conducted for thisreport also disclose the difficulties in achieving anempirical, comprehensive overview of the actualimpacts. The lack of transparency as well as thecomplexity of the subject aggravates the analysis.There is need to further gather and distributeinformation covering the general conditions andthe interests of the involved actors as well as on thenegotiation process and the impact on localsustainable development. The impacts (economic,social and environmental) of FDI in land – eitherpositive or negative – need to be monitored andpublished, so that interventions can take place ifnegative impacts are observed. Furthermore,capacity development in target countries may helpthose countries negotiate more favourable contractsthat bring in line the interests of the investorwith the needs of the target country.
57Working in rice fieldsSlashed and burned old growthforest areaWater collection
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ImprintPublished by:Deutsche Gesell
Page 4 and 5:
4Acknowledgement:List of figures an
Page 6: 6PrefaceLand acquisitions by foreig
Page 9 and 10: 9Definition of FDI in landFDI in la
Page 11 and 12: 11The third restriction concentrate
Page 13 and 14: 13• Climate change (due to weathe
Page 15 and 16: 15they usually set up investment co
Page 17 and 18: 17• The access to logistic infras
Page 19 and 20: 19In the context of land use rights
Page 21 and 22: 21developing countries as well as t
Page 23 and 24: 23However, such lands are often imp
Page 26 and 27: 26scale, with 0 being the best scor
Page 28 and 29: 28MADAGASCAR MADAGASCAR MADAGASCAR
Page 30 and 31: 30Table 3: Country profile Madagasc
Page 32 and 33: 32Table 4: Demand for FDI in Madaga
Page 34 and 35: 34MALI MALI MALI MALI MALI MALI MAL
Page 36 and 37: 36Table 5: Country profile Republic
Page 38 and 39: 38market, the other example present
Page 40 and 41: 40LAOS LAOS LAOS LAOS LAOS LAOS LAO
Page 42 and 43: 42Table 7: Country profile LaosPatt
Page 44 and 45: 44The screening of the submitted pr
Page 46 and 47: 46COOPERATIONS DRIVING FACTORS WEAK
Page 48 and 49: 48Table 10: Country profile Cambodi
Page 50 and 51: 50To acquire land use rights, forei
Page 52 and 53: 525. Conclusions and recommendation
Page 54 and 55: 54distribution of land and on event
Page 58 and 59: 58ReferencesAlexandratos, N. (2009)
Page 60 and 61: 60Gopinath, M., Pick, D., and Vasav
Page 62 and 63: 62U.S. Department of State (2009e):
Page 64 and 65: 64GlossaryAgro-fuelsAgro-fuels are
Page 66 and 67: 66Reported FDI in land (2000-2009)
Page 76: Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnisch
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Land in developing countries

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