80The mould and die sector is not limited by anyexport processing restrictions, it is also not likelythat suppliers to <strong>the</strong> sector are limited because <strong>the</strong>restricted categories cover processed metals and not<strong>the</strong> raw unprocessed metals that are used in mouldand die production. In July 2010, export rebateson 406 products including key steel products, andsemi-finished nonferrous metals were eliminated.Steel is a key input <strong>for</strong> mould and die sector. In June2010, <strong>the</strong> State Council announced a restructuringof <strong>the</strong> industry by closing smaller less efficientplants, consolidating towards larger plants, andupgrading <strong>the</strong> production and energy efficiencyof <strong>the</strong> plants. These moves may have a short-termimpact on supply <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> mould and die sector.Policy support <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> industry as well as increasedoverall need <strong>for</strong> mould and die operations hasled some large customer companies to set up<strong>the</strong>ir own mould and die shops. The nature of <strong>the</strong>industry is that many customers are large, havesufficient internal demand, are financially secure,and can obtain <strong>the</strong> capital needed to take mouldand die manufacturing in-house. Consequently, anumber of firms in <strong>the</strong> sector have seen orders fromlongstanding customers go to nil in a relatively shortperiod of time.Response Strategies of <strong>Hong</strong> <strong>Kong</strong> <strong>SMEs</strong>Larger companies that survived <strong>the</strong> global financialcrisis scaled back new product launches and focusedmore on maintaining and improving <strong>the</strong> quality of<strong>the</strong>ir existing product range. 160One response to lower operating margins has beento improve efficiency through <strong>the</strong> use of innovativetechnology or automation that will bring aboutlong-term efficiencies and cost reductions160 Interview with <strong>Hong</strong> <strong>Kong</strong> Mould and Die Council, 9 April2010.Ano<strong>the</strong>r approach has been to identify attributesthat customers value enough to justify a pricepremium such as new product features, creativedesigns, or faster response times. In this way, <strong>the</strong><strong>Hong</strong> <strong>Kong</strong> firms are playing to <strong>the</strong>ir advantagesof modern equipment, advanced technology, gooddesign, tightly controlled production, and strictquality control.Some <strong>Hong</strong> <strong>Kong</strong> firms are differentiating on <strong>the</strong>basis of technology, which requires significantinvestment that might be challenging <strong>for</strong> <strong>Hong</strong><strong>Kong</strong>’s <strong>SMEs</strong> given <strong>the</strong>ir small size. However, itappears that in this sector companies which focuson research and development, technology adoption,and innovation to <strong>the</strong> extent that <strong>the</strong>y are able mayface <strong>the</strong> best prospects of doing well in <strong>the</strong> future.Some firms are investing a proportion of <strong>the</strong>irrevenues into ongoing research and development,while o<strong>the</strong>rs have <strong>for</strong>med joint-venture partnershipsor entered into o<strong>the</strong>r business arrangements withtechnology providers that keep <strong>the</strong>m at <strong>the</strong> front ofadvances in manufacturing technology.To combat <strong>the</strong> problem of obtaining sufficientcapital, <strong>Hong</strong> <strong>Kong</strong> <strong>SMEs</strong> in <strong>the</strong> sector havemade ef<strong>for</strong>ts to communicate <strong>the</strong>ir advantages toinvestors from <strong>the</strong> region or from overseas. Forglobal investors, <strong>the</strong>se advantages go beyond thosealready mentioned to include an ability to bettercommunicate in English, as well as better socialand physical infrastructure that attract potential<strong>for</strong>eign-firm investors during <strong>the</strong>ir visits to <strong>the</strong> PRDvia <strong>Hong</strong> <strong>Kong</strong>. Firms in <strong>the</strong> sector have also takento partnering with firms in <strong>the</strong> Chinese Mainland totap into <strong>the</strong> funds that those firms can access.<strong>Hong</strong> <strong>Kong</strong> firms have been limiting <strong>the</strong> number ofemployees <strong>the</strong>y have outside low-cost environmentsto try to maintain cost parity with Mainland firms.Moving to <strong>the</strong> YRD is also a strategy that <strong>Hong</strong><strong>Kong</strong> firms in <strong>the</strong> sector are considering in order toobtain workers <strong>the</strong>y need and to compete againsto<strong>the</strong>r lower cost manufacturers who operate in <strong>the</strong>YRD.
81Some <strong>Hong</strong> <strong>Kong</strong> firms are finding ways to partnerwith customers to ensure <strong>the</strong>ir customers donot establish in-house mould and die activities.There are several ways in which this type of deepcollaboration could take place with <strong>the</strong> mainpoints <strong>for</strong> agreement being which firm takes on<strong>the</strong> capital risk by investing in <strong>the</strong> equipment,and what guarantees are put in place to ensurethat outsourcing remains more beneficial to <strong>the</strong>customer than bringing <strong>the</strong> mould and die activitiesunder its own control. Deeper collaboration thatdoes not involve in-house manufacturing is alsobeing achieved by locating next to <strong>the</strong> factories ofmajor customers.<strong>Hong</strong> <strong>Kong</strong> firms are responding to protectionismin China by lobbying, but this is being donewith an understanding that little is likely to beachieved. Some <strong>Hong</strong> <strong>Kong</strong> mould and diemanufacturers hope to overcome possible policybias by demonstrating that due to <strong>the</strong>ir experience,managerial capabilities, and capacity to innovate,<strong>the</strong>y have more value to add to <strong>the</strong> industry thanindigenous firms, and to underscore <strong>the</strong> belief that<strong>the</strong>y are important to <strong>the</strong> downstream activitiesthat remain attractive to provincial governments inChina.Case Study – Datamatic CNC EngineeringCompany LimitedEstablished in 1983, Datamatic CNC EngineeringCompany Limited (Datamatic) is a mould and diemanufacturing company headquartered in <strong>Hong</strong><strong>Kong</strong>. After a few of years of sub-contracting CNCjobs, Datamatic acquired <strong>the</strong> International MouldFactory Company Limited in 1985 to providecomplete sets of injection moulds. Datamaticcommenced business with five employees and <strong>the</strong>company now has approximately 190 employees withall except six being located in <strong>the</strong> Chinese Mainland.In 1995, Datamatic shifted its production from <strong>Hong</strong><strong>Kong</strong> to <strong>the</strong> PRD where it set up a Sino-<strong>Hong</strong> <strong>Kong</strong>joint venture named Datamatic Guangzhou InjectionMould Company Limited (Datamatic Guangzhou).The joint venture built a workshop of 3,000 squaremetres in Guangzhou to provide turnkey mouldmaking and pilot moulding solutions. In 2005,Datamatic Guangzhou expanded its workshop andinstalled an advanced moulding machine. At first,Datamatic relocated all of its manufacturing butkept its engineering activities in <strong>Hong</strong> <strong>Kong</strong>. Afterabout two to three years, Datamatic moved itsengineering activities to Guangzhou as well. Thesedays, <strong>Hong</strong> <strong>Kong</strong> acts as a liaison office and takescare of <strong>the</strong> coordination and planning of activitiessuch as marketing and shipping.When Datamatic first moved to China business wasslow. To try and develop new business, Datamaticengaged in marketing and promotion activities inmajor potential customer markets. This involveddoing exhibitions, sending company catalogues out,ensuring that <strong>the</strong> website was up-to-date, and arange of similar activities. At one of <strong>the</strong> exhibitionsa German company making automotive lighting(Hella) placed a trial order with Datamatic. The firmtook <strong>the</strong> trial order very seriously, <strong>the</strong> order wentvery well, and Datamatic got a foothold in <strong>the</strong>automotive lighting industry, an industry that hasbecome its main market.Datamatic sells its products all over <strong>the</strong> world withmajor markets in China, <strong>the</strong> US, France, Germany,Spain, Mexico, and Brazil. Its major direct clientsare car component manufacturers such as Hella,Valeo, AL, Decoma, CML, ARTEB, Stanley, andKoito. Approximately 50 per cent of Datamatic’sproduction stays in <strong>the</strong> Chinese Mainland and <strong>the</strong>o<strong>the</strong>r 50 per cent is shipped to o<strong>the</strong>r places.