ENDNOTES1. “Monetary Policy Testimony and Report to the Congress.” Testimony of Alan Greenspan,Chairman, Federal Reserve Board. February 24, 1998.Http://www.bog.frb.fed.us/boarddocs/HH/2. Schwartz, Peter and Leyden, Peter. “The Long Boom: A History of the Future, 1980-2020.” Wired. Issue 5.07. July 1997. Http://www.wired.com/wired/5.07/longboom.html3. There is an ongoing debate on IT’s contribution to productivity. Some believe that IT hashad a positive impact on productivity, yet it does not show up in government data becauseof inadequate measurement techniques. Others believe that IT has not had a measurableimpact on productivity because businesses have not yet reorganized their operations inorder to take advantage of information technology. They note that the lag betweeninvestments and their full payoff generally takes many years.4. NUA Internet Surveys estimate that there were between 23-33 million Internet users in theU.S. in 1996, representing 83 percent of all Internet users. Using that calculation,between 28-40 million people around the world were using the Internet in 1996. By theend of 1997, NUA estimates that 101 million people were using the Internet.Http://www.nua.ie/surveys5. Network Solutions, Inc. Private communication received February 1998.6. Inktomi Corporation White Paper. 1997. Paper cites data from UUNET, one of thelargest Internet backbone providers. Traffic is measured as the total amount ofinformation - - bits - - going across the network.http://www.inktomi.com/Tech/EconOfLargeScaleCache.html7. Gordon, John Steele. “What has Watt wrought?” Forbes. July 7, 1997. pp.144-171.Thomas Newcomen developed the first practical steam engine in 1712, used primarily forpumping water out of mines. This engine was only practical near a source of wood orcoals. James Watt’s steam engine of 1769 added a separate condenser which increased thefuel efficiency by a factor of four. Due to this addition, a steam engine could be putanywhere and the fuel hauled to it. In 1782, Watt modified the engine by introducing arotary motion that could turn a shaft.8. Michael Faraday first harnessed electricity in 1831 by means of motion in a magnetic field.Forty years later, Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan invented the incandescent filamentlamp.52
9. Thomas Edison’s Pearl Street Station in New York City began generating electricity onSeptember 4, 1882. Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of American History.10. David, Paul, “The Dynamo and the Computer: An Historical Perspective on the ModernProductivity Paradox.” The American Economic Review. Vol. 80, No. 2, 1990. pp. 355-361.11. Ibid.12. Gwennap, Linley. “Birth of a Chip.” BYTE. December 1996.13. Moore, Gordon. “The Continuing Silicon Technology Evolution inside the PC Platform.”Intel archives. http://developer.intel.com/solutions/archive/issue2/feature.htm14. Lucent Technologies. http://www.lucent.com/netsys15. Bandwidth determines the speed at which data can flow through computer andcommunications systems without interference. In the early days of the Internet, mostmessages were simple text that did not require large amounts of bandwidth. Bandwidthrequirements have increased as people began to send images, sound, software, video andvoice over the Internet.16. In a packet-switched system, a message is broken into chunks and each chunk or “packet”is individually addressed and individually routed across the network to its destination. Atthe destination, the message is reassembled. Packets that do not arrive at the destinationare retransmitted. As Vint Cerf, one of the inventors of the Internet, describes it: Packetswitching is conceptually similar to the way the postal service works. That is, each letteror postcard is individually addressed and moves geographically from point-to-point as ittravels towards its destination. Two postcards mailed from a post office in San Franciscomay take different routes to New York, but once they arrive at the New York City postoffice, they are assembled with the other mail going to the destination address anddelivered. Each “packet” is like a postcard and network routers are like the mail stopsalong the way.17. Meeker, Mary and Pearson, Sharon. Morgan Stanley U.S. Investment Research: InternetRetail. Morgan Stanley. May 28, 1997. pp.2-2, 2-6. Notes: Data for TV and othermedia are U.S. figures. PC figures reflect worldwide users. Morgan Stanley uses thelaunch of HBO in 1976 as their estimate for the beginning of cable. “Though cabletechnology was developed in the late 1940's, its initial use was primarily for theimprovement of reception in remote areas. It was not until HBO began to distribute itspay-TV movie service via satellite in 1976 that the medium became a distinct content andadvertising alternative to broadcast television.”18. In 1989, the World Wide Web (WWW) protocols for transferring hypertext via theInternet were first used in experimental form at the European Center for Particle Research53
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Frequently Asked QuestionsHow was t
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Commissioner BiographiesDean Andal,
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Paul Harris, Sr., Delegate, Virgini
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Robert Novick, General Counsel,Offi
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Stanley Sokul, Independent Consulta
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(d) Definition of Generally Imposed
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(D) Internet access service.--The t
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(b) Membership.--(1) In general.--T
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(B) an examination of the collectio
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(iii) imposes an obligation to coll
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(B) Exception.--Such term does not
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(2) to accelerate the growth of ele
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Traditional business and sales tax
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THE EMERGING DIGITAL ECONOMYIntrodu
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