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Timeline of historical and legal developments pertaining to land law in Uganda15501750First Tutsi move into Batwa area (present day Bufumbira countyin Kigezi district, south-western Uganda)First nine Kiga Bahutu clans arrive in Batwa area18901894Imperial British East AfricanCompany (IBEACO) controlsUgandaAnglo-German Agreement: Uganda comesunder British controlUganda declared a Protectorate by Britain189719001900-19011902Land Regulations introduce individual ownershipBuganda Agreement replaces customary land tenure and secures tenure for individualsrather than communities. Forests are vested in ‘Uganda Administration’ (governmentToro and Ankole Agreements. All ‘waste land’, forest and minerals becomeThe Order-in-Council:1912South-western part of present-day Uganda(formerly part of Rwanda) becomes partof UgandaThe British take controlof Kigezi-Bufumbira1920s1922Beginning of the conservation era; start ofcolonial protection of Bwindi, Mgahinga andEchuya forestsCrown Lands (Declaration) Ordinance convertsall land without documentary proof of ownershipinto Crown land1932and Kayonza Crown Forest Reserves1942Kasatoro and Kayonza Crown Forest Reserves are combinedand gazetted as Impenetrable Central Crown Forest194519471950First three Africans appointed to the Legislative CouncilForest Act seeks to protect the forest from encroachment by cultivators (also see 1952)
195219591961ownership rights and allows them only limited access to their land. The Act prescribesconditions of residence in parks; it empowers the Minister to declare any land a nationalpark and to prohibit unauthorised accessprior to 1 July 1959. However, as the law does not recognise the Batwa’s type of land use thisdoes not reinstate their customary ownership rights1962196819691971197519791986Uganda’s independencethe best interest of the peoplePresident Idi Amin’s ruleNational Resistance Movement comes to powerLand Reform Decree fails to change the situationLands Act of 1969)1991Bwindi conservation area is elevated toin eviction of the Batwa largely withoutcompensation. Brings an end to Batwalifestyle of forest hunting and gatheringMgahinga and Bwindi Impenetrable ForestConservation Trust is established (becomingfunctional in 1995)1995it vests land in the citizens of Uganda199820002005Land Act recognises leasehold, mailo and freehold as tenure systems, and offers protection tothe Batwa against eviction, but this latter dimension of the law has never been implementedUganda Wildlife Act recognises that people with property rights may carry out activities for thesustainable management and utilisation of wildlife, if the activities do not adversely affect wildlifeHigh Court recognises the Benet Community’s land rights
Page 1 and 2: Land Rightsand the ForestPeoples of
Page 3 and 4: Historical and contemporary land la
Page 5: ContentsI Introduction 11.1 The Bat
Page 44: Forest PeoplesProgramme1c Fosseway

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