Radiographic findings in several joints of nine bears

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 2. Radiological examination of joints in the nine bears Bears Joints Brown bears (1) Brown bears (2) Brown bears (3) Brown bears (4) Polar bear (5) Malayan bear (6) Black bear (7) Black bear (8) Black bear (9) Maxilla (inlet) x x x x Mandible (inlet) x x x x x Cervical vertebrae (ll) x x Thoracal vertebrae (ll) x x Thoraco-lumbar vertebrae (ll) x x x x Lumbar vertebrae (ll) x x Elbow left (ml) x x x x x x x x Elbow right (ml) x x x x x x x x x Elbow left (dp) x x x x x Elbow right (dp) x x x x Hip (vd) x x x x x x Stifle left (ml) x x x x Stifle right (ml) x x x x x Stifle left (dp) x x Stifle right (dp) x x Tarsus left (ml) x x x x x x x x x Tarsus right (ml) x x x x x x Tarsus left (dp) x x x Tarsus right (dp) x x ll = latero-lateral; ml = medio-lateral; dp = dorso-palmar/-plantar; vd = ventro-dorsal x = joint radiographed 38
Results Radiographs showed none osteoarthritic alterations in the elbow of one bear (5), none to mild osteoarthritic changes in six bears (1, 3, 4, 7-9), moderate osteoarthritic changes in one bear (6) and severe osteoarthritic alterations in one bear (2). This bear with severe osteoarthritis showed a severe lameness (Figure 1). Moreover, two bears with lameness and/or gait abnormalities showed enthesiophytes, one bear (1) in the medial and the other one(3) in the lateral epicondyle of the left elbow joint. The joint of the same both bears and a third brown bear (9) showed osteophytes in the left elbow. Marked cuff-like lesions (periarticular mineralization) were detected in both elbow joints of one and in the right elbow of another bear (9) (Figure 2). The radiographs of the hip joint showed none bone modifications in five bears (1, 3-6). Severe osteoarthritic changes were detected in one bear (2) with severe lameness (Figure 3). In three bears (7-9) without lameness and/or gait abnormalities, radiographs of the hip joints were not performed. Radiographs of the stifle joint were performed in six bears; four bears (1-4) with lameness or gait abnormality, one bear (5) with paraparesis and one bear (6) without lameness. Five bears (1, 3, 4-6) have none to mild osteoarthritic changes including the bear without lameness having mild osteoarthritis in the stifle joint (Figure 4). One bear (2) with severe lameness has moderate osteoarthritic alterations. In one stifle joint of a bear (3) with gait abnormality we detected changes consistent with osteochondromatosis (Figure 5). The same bear showed an extraarticular bone lesion consistent with an enostosis-like alteration in the tibia. Radiographs show none to mild osteoarthritic changes of the tarsal joints in seven bears (1, 2, 4-6, 8, 9) including three animals without gait abnormality and / or lameness. Two bears (3, 7), including one without lameness, delivered moderate osteoarthritis. One bear with lameness and / or gait abnormality showed an enthesiophyte in the origin of the left plantar ligament. In one bear with lameness marked cuff-like, periarticular mineralizations were detected in the left tarsal joint. In two bears without lameness and in two bears with lameness and/or gait abnormality, signs of a bilateral partial collapse of the central tarsal bone (Figure 6) and concurrent degenerative joint disease were present. In another bear (7) without signs of lameness marked linear mineralizations in the soft tissue of the crural region were present. Radiographs of the brown bear (1) with mild lameness of the right forelimb and with mild reluctance to move show none to mild osteoarthritic changes in both elbow joints and in both tarsal joints. An association between the clinical symptoms (severe lameness and severe reluctance to move) and osteoarthritic alterations is suspected in a brown bear (2). Radiographs show in this case mild osteoarthritic changes in the tarsal joints, moderate osteoarthritic changes in both stifle joints and severe osteoarthritic alterations in the elbow and in the hip joints. In two brown bears (3, 4) with the same age, one with mild lameness of the right forelimb and the other one with gait abnormality, the radiographs show nearly the same alterations: None to mild osteoarthritic changes in the left elbow joint and none osteoarthritic alterations in the right elbow joint. Radiographs show in one tarsal joint of one bear moderate osteoarthritic changes, thus that none to mild osteoarthritic changes in the stifle joints. In the other one, the left tarsal joint has moderate osteoarthritic alterations and the right tarsal joint has mild changes. Radiographs of the stifle joints of this bear show none to mild osteoarthritic changes. The polar bear (5) with paraparesis presents none alterations of both forelimbs and of the hip joints. On the other hand, radiographs show none to mild osteoarthritic changes in tarsal and in the stifle joints. The radiographs of the sun bear (6) without lameness, show moderate osteoarthritic changes in both elbow joints and in both stifle joints. The left tarsal joint presents mild osteoarthritic alterations. The three black bears (7-9) without lameness present mild osteoarthritic changes of the right elbow joints. Radiographs of one bear show mild osteoarthritic changes of the left elbow. In three black bears the tarsal joints have mild osteoarthritic alterations. 39
Page 1: Institut für Genetik, Ernährung u
Page 5: Table of contents Summary 7 I. A sc
Page 9: Part I A scoring system to evaluate
Page 12 and 13: Mots-clé: euthanasie, gériatrie,
Page 14 and 15: Retrospective and prospective cases
Page 16 and 17: Familiae Neoplasia (n = 17) Dysfunc
Page 18 and 19: Scoring system to evaluate physical
Page 20 and 21: ADDITIONAL ASSESSMENT Breeding inte
Page 22 and 23: Age and pathology Animals with neop
Page 24 and 25: efficacy and disappearance of sympt
Page 26 and 27: we cannot justify euthanasia in all
Page 28 and 29: Nimmervoll H, Eggenberger U and Rob
Page 30 and 31: Pathologies of the group “Dysfunc
Page 33: Part II Radiographic findings in se
Page 36 and 37: dans la plupart des articulations.
Page 40 and 41: Discussion In the literature skelet
Page 42 and 43: 5. Colman RJ, Binkley N. Skeletal a
Page 44 and 45: Figure 3. Brown bear, 23 year-old,
Page 47: III Remerciements J’aimerais reme

Radiographic findings in several joints of nine bears

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?