Download PDF - Euforgen

More documents

Recommendations

Info

64 EUF'ORGEN: Quercus suberNEtWORKGenetic conservationGenetic conservation can be either in situ or ex situ.. For in situ conservation eachidentified or selected stand must be effectively protected to prevent the existingstand from decline due to anthropogenic factors and to secure successful naturalregenera tion.Besides stands designated for in situ conservation, complementary ex situconservation measures should be taken principally through conservation plantations,established on the basis of material collected from mature stands during goodflowering years, and on a sufficient number of trees with abundant seed crop.Besides cork oak, and in view of their economic, ecological and socialimportance, the following main indigenous species are subjected to breedingprogrammes: cedar, pines, Thuya and the argan tree (Argania spinosa). Regardingintroduced species, breeding efforts focus on Eucalyptus, followed by pines.Breeding programme for cork oakDelimitation of Regions of ProvenanceConservation and improvement of production requires, among ether conditions,the utilization of high-quality forest reproductive material. The first actionundertaken for the implementation of the overall tree improvement strategy inMorocco was the definition and delimitation of Regions of Provenance and theidentification of seed stands.For a given species, the Region of Provenance is the territory or the group ofterritories subject to sufficiently uniform ecological conditions and on which standscan be found with similar phenotypic or genetic characteristics jOECD 1974). Thedelimitation of Regions of Provenance allows for a better movement of reproductivematerial and avoids problems of bad adaptation to the given eCGlogical conditions.Any transfer of reproductive material between Regions requires knowledge that canbe gained by preliminary provenance tests. Therefore, the natural area of each speciesmust first be subdivided into homogeneous Regions of Provenance. This task is notalways easy, given the high level of heterogeneity of bioclimatic conditions.To facilitate the process, we opted for the unification of Regions of Provenancevalid for all species ('partitionist concept'). The advantage of this concept lies in thefacility of establishment and delimitations of the Regions of Provenance. Thisprocess was based upon studies carried out in the framework of several technicalcooperation projects of GTZ (for the selection of seed stands and seed supply) andFAO (consultancy in forest trees breeding). A series of workshops was alsoorganized at the level of the Seed and Nursery Service in Sidi Amira and of theRegional Seed Stations in Azrou, Chefchaouen and Marrakech.To keep a sufficiently balanced subdivision of the Regions of Provenance and tofacilitate their identification, an adjustment was made taking into account naturaland administrative boundaries. Given the diversity of the Moroccan landscape,each Region of Provenance was subdivided into altitudinal zones (see table below).The general map of forest regions in Morocco drawn by Boudy in 1958 served as thebasic terms of reference.Altitudinal zones (m)0-500501 - 10001001 - 15001501 - 2000Above 2001Abbreviation0-55 - 1010 - 1515 - 20+ 20
PRESENTATIONS 65This work allowed for the identification and delimitation of 19 sufficientlyhomogeneous Regions of Provenance. The Regions were named and classified forall forest species within nine large biogeographical units (see Fig. 1):Biogeographical unitsI. Rif11. EastIll. Atlantic plainIV. Middle AtlasV. MesetaVI. High AtlasVIII. SoussVIII. PresaharaIX. SaharaRegions of ProvenanceRif AtlantiqueRif OccidentalRif OrientalPlaine MoulouyaHauts PlateauxMaamoraPlateau CentralMoyen Atlas OccidentalMoyen Atlas OrientalMoyen Atlas SteppiqueMeseta AtlantiqueMeseta ContinentaleHaut Atlas OccidentalHaut Atlas CentralHaut Atlas OrientalSouss NordSouss SudLe Pn3saharaLe SaharaCode1.11.21.311.111.2111.1111.2IV.1IV.2IV.3V.1V.2VL,V/'2VI.3VI1.1VI/'2VIIIIX,,Western sahara•Fig. 1. Biogeographical units and Regions of Provenance within the distribution areaof cork oak (Quercus suber) in Morocco.
Page 1:
. .'. . .. . -: . ~ -. . '. . .",;.
Page 4 and 5:
iiEUEORGEN: Quercus suberNEl'WORKTh
Page 6 and 7:
iv EUEORGEN: Quercus suberNEmWORK -
Page 8 and 9:
2 EUFOBGEN: Quercus subelCNErWOBK2.
Page 10 and 11:
w PT 7 ~ 'Fon en =11 EUF'ORGEN: Que
Page 12 and 13:
6 EUFORGEN: Quercus suberNErWORK _m
Page 14 and 15:
8 EUEORGEN: (Juercus sube17NEmWOR~
Page 16 and 17:
10 EUEORGEN: Quercus suberNElTWORK
Page 18 and 19:
10 EUFORGEN: QuercussuberNEl7WORKTh
Page 20 and 21:
...................................
Page 22 and 23: 14 EUFORGEN: Quercus sliberNErWORK3
Page 24 and 25: 16 EUEORGEN: Quercus suberNEtWORKNu
Page 26 and 27: 18 EUFORGEN: QuercussliberNETWORK '
Page 28 and 29: 20 EUFORGE:N: ' Quercus suberNETWOR
Page 30 and 31: 22 EUEORGEN: Quercussuber:NEl'WORKP
Page 32 and 33: 24 EUE0RGEN: Quercus suberNEEW0RKVi
Page 34 and 35: al. 1991). They can be used for the
Page 36 and 37: 28 EUEORGEN: Quercus suberNETWORKby
Page 38 and 39: 30 EUFORGEN: Quercbs sliberNEtWORKO
Page 40 and 41: 32 EUFORGEN: Quercus suberN ORKRese
Page 42 and 43: 34 EUEORSEN: Quercus suberNEmWORK '
Page 44 and 45: 36 EUEORG!:N: Quercus subeICNE1"WOR
Page 46 and 47: 38 EUFORGEN: Quercus sube~NETWORKDe
Page 48 and 49: 40 EUEORGEN: Quercus suberNETWORK '
Page 50 and 51: 42 EUEORGEN: (Juercus suberNErWORK
Page 52 and 53: ~ EUEORGEN: QuercusstiberNEtWORKRes
Page 54 and 55: 46 EUFORGEN: Quercus suberNEmWORKDi
Page 56 and 57: 48 EUFQRGEN: Quercus suberNErWQRK1.
Page 58 and 59: 50 EUEClRGEN: Quercus suberNEtWClRK
Page 60 and 61: 52 EUEORGEN: Quercus suberNEI¥IORK
Page 62 and 63: 54 EUEORGEN: Quercus suberNErWORKQu
Page 64 and 65: 56 EUEORGEN: Quercus subet:NEliWORK
Page 66 and 67: 58 EUEGRGEN: Quercus suberNemwGRK10
Page 68 and 69: Improvement strate~y of forest tree
Page 70 and 71: 62 EUFORGEN: Quercus suberNErWORK .
Page 74 and 75: 66 EUEORGEN: Quercus suberNEliWORKS
Page 76 and 77: 68 EUF'ORGEN: Ouercus suberNB'WORKR
Page 78 and 79: 70 EUFORGEN: Quercus suberNEl"WORKG
Page 80 and 81: 72 EUEORGEN: Quercus suberNErWORKoS
Page 82 and 83: 7'4 EUFORGEN: Quercussubel?NErWORKQ
Page 84 and 85: '7'6 EUF'()RGEN: Quercus suberNE'I"
Page 86 and 87: 7"8 EUFClRGEN: Quercus suberNEl'VVC
Page 88 and 89: 80 EUEORGEN: Quercus stiberNETWORKi
Page 90 and 91: 82 EUFORGEN: Quercus suberNE"tWORK.
Page 92 and 93: 84 EUEORGEN: Quercus suberNEmWORKVi
Page 94 and 95: 86 EUF;ORGEN: Quercus suberNEmWORKM
Page 98: ISBN 92-9043-336-1..
show all

Download PDF - Euforgen

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?