Ghana - UNEP

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3530Million US$ (2003)25201510502005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030Figure 15: Annual levy on electricity transmission for Public Benefit Fund9,000Electricity from renewable technlogies (GWh)8,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,00002005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030US$0/MWh US$1/MWh US$2/MWh US$3/MWhFigure 16: Impact of levy rate on renewable electricity generation in PBF scenario(CO 2 )Thousand tonnes of carbon dioxide80070060050040030020010002015 2030US$5 US$10 US$15 US$20Figure 17: Annual amount of CER generated by CDM projects18
Figure 18 shows the accumulation of CER over time, while Figures 19 and 20 show the averageannual and total cumulative revenues corresponding to different CER prices. At a price of US$15/t ofCO 2 , total revenues from CER sales are US$21.6 million over the 25 year period.Million tonnes ofcarbon dioxide (CO 2 )2)2.01.51.00.50.0US$5 US$10 US$15 US$20Figure 18: Total amount of CER over 25 year period of study in CDM scenario141210Million US$ (2003)864202015 2030US$5 US$10 US$15 US$20Figure 19: Annual average revenue from sale of CER in CDM scenario403530Million US$ (2003)2520151050US$5 US$10 US$15 US$20Figure 20: Total revenue from sale of CER during 2005-2030 in CDM scenario7 Energy Issues Revisited7.1 Accessibility and availabilityIn all the scenarios, accessibility and availability of energy is enhanced. Over the study period, percapita total primary energy and electricity supplies increase by 1.7 and 2.2 times, respectively (Figure21). The electrification rate in urban areas rises from 74% in 2003 to 88% in 2015 and 100% in 2030.In rural areas this rate rises from 18% at present to 32% in 2015 and 80% in 2030. To whatever extentrenewable energy successfully penetrates rural areas as a result of any of the policies consideredherein, it would help to improve the energy situation in those areas.19
Page 3: ASSESSING POLICY OPTIONS FOR INCREA
Page 6: Table of ContentsSUMMARY………
Page 10 and 11: Out of total primary energy supply
Page 12 and 13: 5 Development of Future Energy Scen
Page 14 and 15: Figure 1: Map of Ghana, by region40
Page 16 and 17: Bui, the country’s third hydropow
Page 18 and 19: Figure 5: Annual direct normal radi
Page 20 and 21: • Ferkesedougou (Côte d’Ivoire
Page 22 and 23: emote areas. The entire estimated p
Page 24 and 25: 3,500MW3,0002,5002,0001,5001,000500
Page 28 and 29: 300Index 2005=10020010002005 2010 2
Page 30 and 31: 9 For Readers Interested in Underta
Page 32 and 33: APPENDIXThe MAED and MESSAGE models
Page 35: UN-Energy MembershipThe following a

Ghana - UNEP

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