X HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care in Resource-Constrained Settings

F igure 6HIV Seroprevalence for PregnantWomen in Selected Urban Areas of Asia: 1989–1999HIV Seroprevalence (%)54Phnom Penh3Mumbai2BangkokMandalay101989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999Source: U.S. Census Bureau, HIV/AIDS Surveillance Data Base, 2000.Cambodia Data: married women of reproductive age.Sixty percent of those currently living with HIV inBrazil are believed to be concentrated in the majorurban areas of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. AIDScase reporting suggests that the vast majority of earlyinfections were among MSM. But that picture haschanged in recent years, with unprotected sex betweenmen and women now accounting for more AIDScases than ever before. This does not mean that otherrisk behaviors can be neglected. Recent studies showthat MSM and IDUs continue to be at high risk forHIV infection.The Andean region and the Southern Cone so farseem to be relatively little affected by HIV. Colombiain 1998 estimated that 67,000 people were living withHIV in the country, but the pattern of infection seemsto vary between regions. In Peru, an estimated 44,200people were living with HIV in 1999. In 1998, 0.23percent of pregnant women tested in Lima were HIVpositive. Chile performs sentinel surveillance in pregnantwomen and STD patients, and has found little orno HIV infection in the general population in severalareas of the country, including Santiago, the capital. InArgentina a high proportion of pregnant womenattending antenatal clinics choose to be tested for HIVin order to receive help in preventing transmission ofthe virus to their baby if necessary. Of more thanHIV/AIDS Prevention and Care in Resource-Constrained Settings XIII