NMS Q&A Family Medicine

Concepts in Epidemiology and Research Method 25116 The advantages of a cross-sectional study includewhich one of the following:(A) Incidence can be calculated.(B) Cause and effect can be evidenced.(C) Effectiveness of intervention(s) can be inferred.(D) Associations of possible risk factors and diseasecan be postulated.(E) It is useful in investigating a rare disease.17 An article in J.A.M.A. reported on two groups ofwomen with known coronary artery disease (CAD)assigned randomly and blindly to the investigators totake hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or not(control group). The two groups were followed for3 years and compared for rates of coronary events.Subjects were excluded if they had complicated heartdisease or uncontrolled hypertension. Both groupswere followed for 21 years and those taking HRT hada statistically similar number of cardiac events as thecontrol group. The authors concluded and the mediaannounced that HRT therefore does not preventCAD. This was an example of what type of study:(A) Case–control study(B) Prospective interventional study(C) Prospective observational study(D) Ecological study(E) Cross-sectional study