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3. IntroductionThe Delos FrameworkThymio Papayannis and Josep-MariaMallarachThe purpose of the Delos Initiative is toidentify the relevance and significanceof sacred natural sites in technologicallydeveloped countries and to investigatewhether and how spiritual values cancontribute to both the conservation andproper use of important natural areasand the maintenance of cultural heritage.Its main focus is on protectedsites of great natural value that are representativeof the world’s religious andspiritual traditions.In the highly appropriate setting ofMontserrat, resplendent in the unique naturalbeauty of its mountain landscapesand monastery and ancient hermitages, aworkshop on nature and spirituality washeld on 23-26 November 2006. Thismeeting of international experts wasorganised as part of the Delos Initiative, aproject focussed on sacred natural sites indeveloped countries.More specifically, the principal objectiveof the Initiative is to reach an understandingof the views of the major faithsin developed countries on the sanctityof certain natural sites and the relationshipof these faiths with the naturalworld. A second aim is to assess thepertinence and importance of sacrednatural sites in people’s lives today andthus to attempt to estimate their exactsignificance.1. The Delos Initiative1.1 AimsFinally, the Delos Initiative aims to resolvepossible conflicts between the essentialnature of sacred sites and conservationand management requirements via theimplementation wherever possible ofinteracting synergies.The aim is for these objectives to be fulfilledby the Delos Working Group viawork based on the experience gainedfrom a representative sample of casestudies or pilot sites. Conclusions will bedrawn from the analyses carried out andthen, after a process of sensitisation,recommendations will be made and/orspecific guidance provided.< Hermitage of the Holy Grotto of Montserrat, in the morning mist, from the Rosary Way.29
1.2 Framework and modus operandiWithin the framework of the IUCN WorldCommission on Protected Areas, a TaskForce on Cultural and Spiritual Values ofProtected Areas (CSVPA) is focussing itsactivities on the point at which humansand nature interact. The Delos Initiativewas launched in September 2004 as partof this Task Force in order to study thecontemporary relevance of sacred naturalsites in technologically developedparts of the world. More specifically, theInitiative was set up to determinewhether the spiritual/cultural values of asite are compatible with its natural values,and whether conservation effortscan create synergy between these differenttypes of values.The methodology of the Delos Initiativecombines complementary bottom-up andtop-down approaches. The bottom-upapproach is based on an analysis of specificsites that aims to:■ Identify participants and sites in representativecountries;■ Examine objectives at local level;■ Debate the results of the analysis withdifferent stakeholders to reach conclusionsacceptable to all;■ Generalise results and extrapolate themto a broader level;The top-down approach applies the basicmetaphysical principles that all spiritualand religious traditions share a belief in thesymbolic character of nature and in thesacredness of at least some natural theophaniesand, thus, profess an awe anddeep respect for the natural order as a terrestrialreflection of a celestial or divineorder. Hence, the Initiative attempts to:■ Identify the underlying principles of differentspiritual traditions;■ Examine their relevance and influence indifferent contexts;■Propose and validate relationships andanalogies.The Delos Initiative is coordinated jointlyby Thymio Papayannis and Josep-MariaMallarach with the support of Med-INAand Silene, the two non-governmentalorganisations they direct. Its web site islocated at www.med-ina.org/delos.The initial small Delos Working Group hasexpanded into the Delos Network andtoday includes members from countries inAmerica, Asia, Europe and Oceania. All ofits members contribute their work on avoluntary basis.1.3 ActivitiesDuring 2005 and 2006, the followingactivities were carried out:30
Page 2: Protected Areas and SpiritualityPro
Page 5 and 6: Publicacionsde l’Abadiade Montser
Page 7 and 8: ■ The Heights of Inspiration: The
Page 10 and 11: SummaryThis volume presents the Pro
Page 12: Why a ‘Delos’ Initiative?The is
Page 15 and 16: the lake to bless it. The priest be
Page 17: that come to our door, our work, pr
Page 21 and 22: Opening of the workshop.From left t
Page 23 and 24: self. And so, in light of this stat
Page 25 and 26: We believe that this is a very impo
Page 27 and 28: down and watch a river flow or to l
Page 32 and 33: ■ Selection of pilot sites using
Page 34: 2.2 OpportunitiesLooking on the bri
Page 37 and 38: 3.2 Objectives and agendaThe most i
Page 39 and 40: Kolovesi National Park, FinlandKolo
Page 41 and 42: Park stands the shrine of the Virgi
Page 43 and 44: eligious bodies. There was also a g
Page 45 and 46: protected areas share many features
Page 48 and 49: 4. SpeechesNature and spiritualityJ
Page 50 and 51: tions. “All of Nature speaks of G
Page 52 and 53: contemplates it to undergo a spirit
Page 54 and 55: opposed to observation and thus toc
Page 56 and 57: The rediscovery of nature that we a
Page 58: ■Oldmeadow, H. (2005) The Betraya
Page 61 and 62: century European thought. In the ca
Page 63 and 64: gence of a new awareness of the nat
Page 65 and 66: “Montaña de Covadonga, true Olym
Page 67 and 68: decree was the renewal of man’s c
Page 69 and 70: The secularisation of conservationN
Page 71 and 72: were carved on the rocks and a cere
Page 73 and 74: However, the caves that are visible
Page 75 and 76: ■Hernández-Pacheco, E. (1933) La
Page 78 and 79: Protecting Sacred Natural Sites of
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Areas (WCPA), specifically its Task
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Box 2. Sacred Seas: Customary Maori
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Box 4. Contributions to Livelihoods
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Box 5. Whole Landscapes as Sacred S
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Links to the landscape. Many tradit
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Box 7. Sacred Wetlands in West Afri
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Box 9. Culture and Science in Marin
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tion, there has been no co-ordinate
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Box 11. Project sites include:Mexic
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■Kalland, A. (1999) A Japanese vi
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■The Convention on Biological Div
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parks and back home. Since mountain
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have included presentations to vari
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We also collaborated with the inter
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tance of Cherokee stories and tradi
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The interpretive staff titled the w
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References■ Bernbaum, E. (1996) S
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Belief in Protected Areas:Overlooki
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cially protected areas as we now kn
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■ Decisions about individual site
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It could certainly be argued that t
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In the remote areas of Lachung andL
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■PacificAustraliaProtected area n
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Conflict of place-view: It was reve
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of the Park Service however are not
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active in the forests. Although inf
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AcknowledgementsThis paper is partl
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the mountain, with its natural rock
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the area (for example, Santa Magdal
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The view point of the Board of the
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work together to make this collecti
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Furthermore, 7,000 children visit i
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and provide a good global image of
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sary to find new forms of progressi
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MontserratCatalonia, SpainJosep-Mar
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number of endemic and/or rare plant
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used as shelters by climbers, while
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Relationships between the Monastery
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in personal and social attitudes to
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and little chapels scattered around
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Monastery of Santa Maria de Montser
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and covers 900 km 2 of the total 1,
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Conversion of the Sámi to Christia
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Ukko for a following wind. Many vis
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RecommendationsThe following is rec
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Doñana National and Natural ParksS
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(Aquila adalberti), here in one of
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that it is part of their lives, alt
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given the complexity and diversity
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Pressures and impactsThe growth of
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Effects of current activities on sp
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only allowed for management andrese
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query the growing massification of
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Potential synergies between the con
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channels through which local commun
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a. The Museum must be linked to the
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Doñana area that either at institu
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Procession of pilgrims entering the
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The glaciers of the last ice age st
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the Cherokees in the adjoining Qual
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escaped the Trail of Tears. Cheroke
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Many local residents in the gateway
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Cherokees have adopted Western Plai
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A ceremony in 2006 with Cherokee wa
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the preservation of spiritual and n
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educating visitors influences every
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Holy Island, Isle of ArranScotland,
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Action Plan. The maerl beds are muc
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een extended by its recent acquisit
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Arran became Presbyterian. The spir
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activities that are having a negati
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onmental impact study. Furthermore,
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estoration of the island should be
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improve nature conservation and ass
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Buddhist divinity, rock painting on
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painters at times of differing wate
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Kolovesi National Park is fully own
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Spiritual and cultural valuesKolove
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those of Saami sacred sites (sieidi
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ack to our language as the original
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tives and permitted activities and
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Meteora World Heritage SiteThessaly
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for both its natural and cultural v
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-not necessarily of a religious nat
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monasteries in Greece. The summits
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tor centre run by monks and conserv
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Recently, the Municipality has comp
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humans and nature. The main natural
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was an important religious centre a
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Peninsula via the sea. The eastern
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Conservation perspectivesPlanning e
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critical extent on the beliefs and
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imentally to a pilot area of 500 ha
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- Forbidding the dumping of excavat
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Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes
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Japanese Agency for Cultural Affair
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- Pilgrimages: on-going religious a
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Due attention has been paid to the
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References■ICOMOS World Heritage
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small hermitages were established n
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ment, which takes into consideratio
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Deer, Wild Boar, Hare, Wolf, Fox, W
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dery and weaving that respect old m
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ing with issues of biodiversity in
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teries provide about 50% of the acc
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future tourism and other forest-rel
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mitages where access by car is diff
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and promote ecological education an
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the case of the most spiritually im
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7. The Montserrat DeclarationOn sac
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strengthened, so that objectives an
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8. AcknowledgementsThis volume is t
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Appendix 1Montserrat: Nature and Sp
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■ Ajji / Ukonsaari, Yryo Norokör
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Minimizing the enviromentalimpact o
Page 324 and 325:
Appendix 2ParticipantsJosep Altayó
Page 326 and 327:
Isabel Soria GarcíaUniversity of E
Page 328 and 329:
327
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