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Despite its tight programme, participantsin the workshop were able to go on guidedvisits to selected parts of the naturaland sacred site (the historical hermitagesof Tebas, the area around the monasteryof Santa Maria, the Holy Grotto and theAgulles section of the mountain, the lattera favourite area for climbing), participate insome of the religious rites and ceremoniesof the Benedictine community and listento the monastery’s boy’s choir.3.3 Case studiesAs mentioned above, the core work of theworkshop focused on the presentation often case studies of sites from sevendeveloped countries. The presentations,mostly by the experts in charge, includeda critical analysis of the natural and spiritualsignificance of each site, a discussionof potential threats and prospects andusually some initial recommendations forimproved management policies.The Meteora site was presented by T.Papayannis and the Kii Mountain Rangeby B. Verschuuren in lieu of the experts incharge who were unable to attend theworkshop.The Solovetstky Island case study, whichhad been prepared during the pilot phase,was not discussed since the author of thecase study, Alexander Davydov, could notbe present.Country Site Protected Status Faith In chargeFinland Kolovesi National Park Indigenous Sámi M. MäätäFinland Äjjis / Ukonsaari Natura 2000 Indigenous Sámi Y. NorokörpiIslandGreece Meteora WHS, Natura 2000 Christian Orthodox I. LyratzakiA. SorotouGreece Mount Athos WHS, Natura 2000 Christian Orthodox T. PapayannisJapan Kii Mountain WHS, National Park Shinto + Shugen M. MotonakaRangeBuddhismRomania Vanatori Neamt Nature Park, Christian Orthodox S. CatanoiusNatural Park Natura 2000Spain Doñana National and Natural Christian Catholic J. FalgaronaProtected Areas Parks, Ramsar Site J. García-VarelaSpain Mountain of Natural Park + Christian Catholic J.-M. MallarachMontserratNature ReserveUnited Isle of Arran, Marine Reserve Celtic Christian + I. SoriaKingdom Scotland Tibetan BuddhismUSA Ocanaluftee River National Park Native American E. BernbaumTrail, Great Smoky (Cherokee) Mountains37
Kolovesi National Park, FinlandKolovesi National Park lies in the provinceof Eastern Finland and was established in1990 to preserve the natural features ofthe Lake Saimaa archipelago, home tothe endemic Saimaa Ringed Seal (Phocahispida saimensis) and forest ecosystemscharacteristic of southern Finland. Therock paintings in the park are sacred sitesassociated with the annual cycle of spiritualfishing and hunting ceremonies. Thesacred sites were once collective meetingplaces where spiritual rituals were carriedout that reflected and strengthened thesocial identity of the local people.Äjjis/Ukonsaari Island, FinlandThe Inari Hiking Area is situated inNorthern Lapland and the whole area ispart of the European Natura 2000 network.It is being set up as a national hikingarea, protected by an act ofparliament. In the middle of Ukon-selkäopen water area in Lake Inarijärvi rises theisland of Ukonsaari, Ukonkivi or Ukko(Äjjis in the Inarisámi language), astrange-looking hunchbacked-shapedlump of rock. It is a famous natural sightand was once a very important and wellknownsite of worship for the indigenousSámi people and is today one of the mostinvestigated of all their sacred places ofFinland.Meteora World Heritage Site,GreeceSituated in central Greece, these enormousnatural megaliths in the west of the Thessalyplain first attracted hermits in the eighth centuryand by the fourteenth century anOrthodox monastic community was wellestablished there. The astonishing complexof tall sandstone pillars of Meteora, a namederiving from the ancient word meteorosmeaning ‘hovering in the air’, rises over 400m above the surrounding plains. The site isrich in both natural and cultural values andhas been declared a Special Protection Areafor Birds, a Natura 2000 site and a UNESCOWorld Heritage Site.Mount Athos, GreeceThe peninsula of the ’Holy Mountain’ ofMount Athos lies in Chalkidiki, NorthernGreece. Rich in history and with a continuousliving Orthodox tradition of over 1,000years, Mount Athos possesses great naturalbiodiversity and a unique landscape; it wasdesignated a World Heritage Site in 1988 fornatural and cultural reasons. It is characterisedby an unusual diversity of ecosystems,ranging from Alpine to Mediterranean,and has rich coastal and marine biodiversity.Mount Athos enjoys a special degree ofpolitical autonomy and self-managementunder the spiritual guidance of theEcumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.38
Page 2: Protected Areas and SpiritualityPro
Page 5 and 6: Publicacionsde l’Abadiade Montser
Page 7 and 8: ■ The Heights of Inspiration: The
Page 10 and 11: SummaryThis volume presents the Pro
Page 12: Why a ‘Delos’ Initiative?The is
Page 15 and 16: the lake to bless it. The priest be
Page 17: that come to our door, our work, pr
Page 21 and 22: Opening of the workshop.From left t
Page 23 and 24: self. And so, in light of this stat
Page 25 and 26: We believe that this is a very impo
Page 27 and 28: down and watch a river flow or to l
Page 30 and 31: 3. IntroductionThe Delos FrameworkT
Page 32 and 33: ■ Selection of pilot sites using
Page 34: 2.2 OpportunitiesLooking on the bri
Page 37: 3.2 Objectives and agendaThe most i
Page 41 and 42: Park stands the shrine of the Virgi
Page 43 and 44: eligious bodies. There was also a g
Page 45 and 46: protected areas share many features
Page 48 and 49: 4. SpeechesNature and spiritualityJ
Page 50 and 51: tions. “All of Nature speaks of G
Page 52 and 53: contemplates it to undergo a spirit
Page 54 and 55: opposed to observation and thus toc
Page 56 and 57: The rediscovery of nature that we a
Page 58: ■Oldmeadow, H. (2005) The Betraya
Page 61 and 62: century European thought. In the ca
Page 63 and 64: gence of a new awareness of the nat
Page 65 and 66: “Montaña de Covadonga, true Olym
Page 67 and 68: decree was the renewal of man’s c
Page 69 and 70: The secularisation of conservationN
Page 71 and 72: were carved on the rocks and a cere
Page 73 and 74: However, the caves that are visible
Page 75 and 76: ■Hernández-Pacheco, E. (1933) La
Page 78 and 79: Protecting Sacred Natural Sites of
Page 80 and 81: Areas (WCPA), specifically its Task
Page 82 and 83: Box 2. Sacred Seas: Customary Maori
Page 84 and 85: Box 4. Contributions to Livelihoods
Page 86 and 87: Box 5. Whole Landscapes as Sacred S
Page 88 and 89:
Links to the landscape. Many tradit
Page 90 and 91:
Box 7. Sacred Wetlands in West Afri
Page 92 and 93:
Box 9. Culture and Science in Marin
Page 94 and 95:
tion, there has been no co-ordinate
Page 96 and 97:
Box 11. Project sites include:Mexic
Page 98 and 99:
■Kalland, A. (1999) A Japanese vi
Page 100:
■The Convention on Biological Div
Page 103 and 104:
parks and back home. Since mountain
Page 105 and 106:
have included presentations to vari
Page 107 and 108:
We also collaborated with the inter
Page 109 and 110:
tance of Cherokee stories and tradi
Page 111 and 112:
The interpretive staff titled the w
Page 113 and 114:
References■ Bernbaum, E. (1996) S
Page 116 and 117:
Belief in Protected Areas:Overlooki
Page 118 and 119:
cially protected areas as we now kn
Page 120 and 121:
■ Decisions about individual site
Page 122 and 123:
It could certainly be argued that t
Page 124 and 125:
In the remote areas of Lachung andL
Page 126 and 127:
■PacificAustraliaProtected area n
Page 128 and 129:
Conflict of place-view: It was reve
Page 130 and 131:
of the Park Service however are not
Page 132 and 133:
active in the forests. Although inf
Page 134:
AcknowledgementsThis paper is partl
Page 137 and 138:
the mountain, with its natural rock
Page 139 and 140:
the area (for example, Santa Magdal
Page 141 and 142:
The view point of the Board of the
Page 143 and 144:
work together to make this collecti
Page 145 and 146:
Furthermore, 7,000 children visit i
Page 147 and 148:
and provide a good global image of
Page 149 and 150:
sary to find new forms of progressi
Page 152 and 153:
MontserratCatalonia, SpainJosep-Mar
Page 154 and 155:
number of endemic and/or rare plant
Page 156 and 157:
used as shelters by climbers, while
Page 158 and 159:
Relationships between the Monastery
Page 160 and 161:
in personal and social attitudes to
Page 162 and 163:
and little chapels scattered around
Page 164:
Monastery of Santa Maria de Montser
Page 167 and 168:
and covers 900 km 2 of the total 1,
Page 169 and 170:
Conversion of the Sámi to Christia
Page 171 and 172:
Ukko for a following wind. Many vis
Page 173 and 174:
RecommendationsThe following is rec
Page 176 and 177:
Doñana National and Natural ParksS
Page 178 and 179:
(Aquila adalberti), here in one of
Page 180 and 181:
that it is part of their lives, alt
Page 182 and 183:
given the complexity and diversity
Page 184 and 185:
Pressures and impactsThe growth of
Page 186 and 187:
Effects of current activities on sp
Page 188 and 189:
only allowed for management andrese
Page 190 and 191:
query the growing massification of
Page 192 and 193:
Potential synergies between the con
Page 194 and 195:
channels through which local commun
Page 196 and 197:
a. The Museum must be linked to the
Page 198 and 199:
Doñana area that either at institu
Page 200:
Procession of pilgrims entering the
Page 203 and 204:
The glaciers of the last ice age st
Page 205 and 206:
the Cherokees in the adjoining Qual
Page 207 and 208:
escaped the Trail of Tears. Cheroke
Page 209 and 210:
Many local residents in the gateway
Page 211 and 212:
Cherokees have adopted Western Plai
Page 213 and 214:
A ceremony in 2006 with Cherokee wa
Page 215 and 216:
the preservation of spiritual and n
Page 217 and 218:
educating visitors influences every
Page 220 and 221:
Holy Island, Isle of ArranScotland,
Page 222 and 223:
Action Plan. The maerl beds are muc
Page 224 and 225:
een extended by its recent acquisit
Page 226 and 227:
Arran became Presbyterian. The spir
Page 228 and 229:
activities that are having a negati
Page 230 and 231:
onmental impact study. Furthermore,
Page 232 and 233:
estoration of the island should be
Page 234 and 235:
improve nature conservation and ass
Page 236:
Buddhist divinity, rock painting on
Page 239 and 240:
painters at times of differing wate
Page 241 and 242:
Kolovesi National Park is fully own
Page 243 and 244:
Spiritual and cultural valuesKolove
Page 245 and 246:
those of Saami sacred sites (sieidi
Page 247 and 248:
ack to our language as the original
Page 249 and 250:
tives and permitted activities and
Page 252 and 253:
Meteora World Heritage SiteThessaly
Page 254 and 255:
for both its natural and cultural v
Page 256 and 257:
-not necessarily of a religious nat
Page 258 and 259:
monasteries in Greece. The summits
Page 260 and 261:
tor centre run by monks and conserv
Page 262:
Recently, the Municipality has comp
Page 265 and 266:
humans and nature. The main natural
Page 267 and 268:
was an important religious centre a
Page 269 and 270:
Peninsula via the sea. The eastern
Page 271 and 272:
Conservation perspectivesPlanning e
Page 273 and 274:
critical extent on the beliefs and
Page 275 and 276:
imentally to a pilot area of 500 ha
Page 277 and 278:
- Forbidding the dumping of excavat
Page 280 and 281:
Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes
Page 282 and 283:
Japanese Agency for Cultural Affair
Page 284 and 285:
- Pilgrimages: on-going religious a
Page 286 and 287:
Due attention has been paid to the
Page 288:
References■ICOMOS World Heritage
Page 291 and 292:
small hermitages were established n
Page 293 and 294:
ment, which takes into consideratio
Page 295 and 296:
Deer, Wild Boar, Hare, Wolf, Fox, W
Page 297 and 298:
dery and weaving that respect old m
Page 299 and 300:
ing with issues of biodiversity in
Page 301 and 302:
teries provide about 50% of the acc
Page 303 and 304:
future tourism and other forest-rel
Page 305 and 306:
mitages where access by car is diff
Page 307 and 308:
and promote ecological education an
Page 309 and 310:
the case of the most spiritually im
Page 312 and 313:
7. The Montserrat DeclarationOn sac
Page 314 and 315:
strengthened, so that objectives an
Page 316 and 317:
8. AcknowledgementsThis volume is t
Page 318 and 319:
Appendix 1Montserrat: Nature and Sp
Page 320 and 321:
■ Ajji / Ukonsaari, Yryo Norokör
Page 322 and 323:
Minimizing the enviromentalimpact o
Page 324 and 325:
Appendix 2ParticipantsJosep Altayó
Page 326 and 327:
Isabel Soria GarcíaUniversity of E
Page 328 and 329:
327
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