layperson to the expert, and from localvoluntary groups to global intergovernmentalbodies. Referring to the GulfWar, its relation to the growing appetitefor oil in modern economies and itseconomic and ecologic consequences,the Erlichs state that "the gigantic andstill expanding scale of human activitieshas already set the stage for muchvaster environmental disasters," includingthe mass extinction of species, starvationfor a billion or more people, malnutrition,social and political conflictsand, perhaps, the breakdown of civilizationitself.Culling the latest knowledge frommany fields of natural and social scienceand drawing on their own considerableexpertise in biology and populationstudies, the Erlichs describe "theslow and insidious collapse" of theplanet's complex life support systems.<strong>The</strong>re is also an interesting discussionof the risks, costs and benefits of inaction,and of alternative strategies andsolutions.<strong>The</strong> Erlichs are impatient and distrustfulof those who call them alarmists.<strong>The</strong>y reprimand the economistswho, they charge, underestimate thecosts and risks of global warming andother environmental degradation. <strong>The</strong>ycontend that population growth is asdetrimental to the environment as thecombined effects of risingaffluence andinappropriate technology — though onthis point it could be argued that economicgrowth is every bit as harmful asoverpopulation.<strong>On</strong>e of the most interesting proposalscalls for changing the President's Councilof Economic Advisors (currentlychaired by the authors' Stanford colleague,Michael Boskin, who comes infor some criticism for his views on globalwarming) to a "Council of Ecologicaland Economic Advisors." While thepresent Council sees its business asnecessarily pro-growth, the Erlichs arguethat if it were re-formed to considerthe environment, its members might beforced to take a more balanced view.<strong>The</strong>n the U.S., the largest polluter of theworld, might even slow down the "environmentalroulette" it is playing.— Shanti S. TangriShanti S. Tangri is a Research Associatewith the Department of Agricultural andResource Economics at the University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, and Professor ofEconomics at Rutgers Universityin NewBrunswick.PRESCRIPTION: MEDICIDE <strong>The</strong> Goodnessof Planned Death by Dr. JackKevorkian (Prometheus Books, Buffalo,NY; $23.95 hardcover)Was Jack Kevorkian acting reasonablywhen he prowled flea markets lookingfor the clock motor, switch and solenoidhe needed to build a death-dealing device?Was he compassionate when heused his homemade device to help JanetAdkins die — at a time she chose?If you answer both questions with aresounding yes, you will probably wantto read Prescription: Medicide. If youanswer no, you should read it to learnwhy so many Americans do supporteuthanasia.Consider the evidence:• Of 6,000 daily deaths in the U.S., 70percent are negotiated with medicaltechnology withdrawn or not applied atallQ 43 states recognize living wills bystatute• 28 states allow the appointment of ahealth-care agent to accept or refuseFlynn's School Meadowsweetof Herbology Herbal RemediesEM. W80Est.<strong>On</strong>going courses inStore Hours: 12-7PMHerbal Medicine.Friday and SaturdayPlease call or writeArcus & Doroth>.for brochure.Proprietors77 East 4th St. New York City, (212) 254-2870treatment for someone else• Maine is considering a law whichwould distribute living wills to individualsbeing issued driver licenses andhunting permits• Montana is debating which identificationto choose for those who havesigned a Durable Power of Attorney —an ID card, form, necklace, tattoo, orbracelet.Kevorkian, a retired Michigan pathologist,spent 30 years researchingthe attitudes of societies—both ancientand modern — toward euthanasia. Hisfindings are astonishing. He found manyindividuals and groups chose deathrather than suffer unbearable pain orrenounce their passionately-held beliefs.Early Christians "chose" to be killed byhungry lions rather than deny theirfaith. A thousand first-century JewishZealots committed suicide at Masadaafter "giving freedom" with knives andswords to their children and wives.Countless "sinful" Japanese chose harakirito gain "passage into the next life."Many of the 64-year-old Kevorkian'sideas are surprisingly new and radical,others are based on ideas put forth acentury or more ago. His proposal forprofessionally-staffed "suicide centers"was first made in 1919 by Dr. C. Binet-Sangle, a French physician who claimed,like Kevorkian, that such centers wouldafford a serene, dignified death andopportunity for harvesting transplantableorgans.Another of Kevorkian's notions probablycame from King Louis XI of Francein the late 15th century who decreedthat a condemned criminal should notbe executed before contributing somethingto science. Kevorkian wants togive condemned-to-die prisoners theoption to choose execution by lethalinjection so their organs can be transplantedand their deaths "bring aboutsome good rather than just serving asan appeasement of society's need forrevenge."Kevorkian also proposes that criminalscondemned to life imprisonmentbe given an opportunity to choose earlydeath so that medical experiments canbe made on their anesthetized bodies.He says such a program would eliminate"the need for experiments on animalsor on ill patients who volunteer tobe test subjects."Kevorkian's research is extensive, hissources meticulously catalogued. Bothmake Prescription: Medicide a valuable52 ON THE ISSUES SUMMER 1992
tool for promoting euthanasia and doctor-assisteddeath.<strong>On</strong> a personal note, my husband, Dick,and I have executed living wills andenthusiastically support the HemlockSociety which actively campaigns tomake public opinion tolerant of the rightof terminally ill people to end their livesin a planned manner. Our decision wasmade after the horror of watching Dick'smother and aunt lie bedridden in nursinghomes for several years. My ownmother signed a living will in 1976.When, after several strokes, her nursinghome talked of sending her to ahospital "for life-support systems beyondthe home's capacity," we wavedher living will at the doctor. We told himshe had insisted, "Don't make me diestuck full of needles like a tired oldpincushion." We prevailed and she diedpeacefully at the nursing home in 1977.I've recently become active in the rightto choose to die movement. My firsttentative steps produced interesting results.While attending an Elderhostel at thePeabody Institute in Philadelphia, I metNancy Robinson, a hosteler from Orlando,Florida who runs the local chapterof the Hemlock Society out of herhome. Nancy and I invited other hostelersto an impromptu meeting to learnabout the Hemlock Society and thedeath-with-dignity movement. Fifteenattended and eagerly accepted copies ofthe living will we had hurriedly duplicatedon the student union photocopymachine.Another project is on my drawingboard:A new Federal law effective December1,1991, requires all patients admittedto any hospital for any reason be askedif they want to plan for their death byfilling out a living will. "<strong>The</strong> new law isso important it takes your breathaway," said Fenella Rouse, director ofChoice in Dying, a New York-basedorganization active in promoting livingwills and passive euthanasia (removalof life-sustaining equipment ratherthan assisted suicide). "It's like safesex. <strong>On</strong>ce no one would talk about it;now everyone talks about it."I plan to ask the Board of the HealthInsurance Plan (H.I.P.) in New YorkCity to inform its 35,000 members aboutthe new law and to supply living willswhich, when signed, can be placed inthe member's H.I.P. medical record.When H.I.P. gets its program underON THE ISSUES SUMMER 1992way, I plan to contact friends in California,urging them to ask the Kaiser Plan— perhaps the world's largest prepaidmedical plan — to do the same.<strong>The</strong> new law is a stunning step forward,but isn't the time of hospital admissiona tad late to consider such animportant matter? Wouldn't it be moreprudent to discuss it with your doctorwhile you are hale and hearty? Tennesseeand Maryland are considering lawsto permit health insurers to providelower premiums to individuals who executeliving wills. You can bet a similaroffer from H.I.P. or Kaiser would spurmembers to sign their forms in a hurry.Dr. Herbert Cohan, a general practitionernearRotterdam, the Netherlands,might say an apt axiom for the 21stcentury would be: "If you want the bestcare and the most attention from yourdoctor, just ask for euthanasia." JackKevorkian's book is a goldmine of informationon the subject.—Irene DavallTHE IRIGARAY READER, Edited byMargaret WhiHord (Blackwell Publishers,Cambridge, MA; $39.95BROOKSIDE SOAPhardcover, $19.95 paperback)Reading Luce Irigaray is to enter madness—first you think it is hers and thenyou come to the maddening understandingthat it is ours. She speaks about andthrough a hysteria that she teaches is aculturally determined response to a setof social relationships which deprivewomen of language and shape. Herprose itself is dense, convoluted, andevocative. Concrete and abstractthought are mingled so that most readersfind her difficult if not exasperating.But the intrepid are richly rewarded.Irigaray is a member of a loosely affiliatedgroup of revolutionary, highly theoreticalfeminist psychoanalysts inFrance. She is a brilliant philosopher/psychoanalyst whose work is influentialin European academic, psychoanalytic,literary and political circles, althoughshe is still relatively unknownin the U.S. In addition to her practice asan analyst and her continued writingand teaching in philosophy and literature,she is also a feminist activist. Herfirst published work, in psycholinguistics,Le Langage des Dements (1973)Dedicated to Quality.Soap handmade from thefinest vegetable oils, herbs andnatural fragrances.Committed to youand the environment.Recyclable packaging.No animal testing.Women-owned and operated.P.O. Box 55638 Seattle, WA 98155 (206) 363-3701Not So Subtle TeesP.O.B. 410, Lincolndale, New York 10540Tel: (718) 998-2305<strong>The</strong>lma & Louise Live!Join the <strong>The</strong>lma & LouiseFinishing School GraduatesBlack T's with White Print:Med., Lg., Xlg. $13.00 XXIg., XXXlg. $14.00Black Sweats: Med., Lg., Xlg., XXIg. $17.00"<strong>The</strong>lma & Louise Live" Buttons $1.50Send for brochure & wholesale prices.NYC/ST. Res. Add Sales Tax53