CARBON CREDITS FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA - lumes

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Additionally, the standards’ guidance documents for eight standards and oneGHG accounting protocol were reviewed. Only standards applied for the projectsidentified during the inventory stage were selected for the analysis. Their rationalewas analyzed and comparable variables were identified for sustainable developmentbenefits determination.9
1.3.3 LIMITATIONS AND SYSTEM BOUNDARIESDue to the complex nature and broad regional scope of this topic, it isnecessary to clarify the limitations of this research, so as to set some boundaries.It is, thus, relevant to point out that this study attempts to assess whether VCMprojects could contribute to streaming finance for climate change mitigation andadaptation efforts and provide sustainable development benefits in Africa rather thandiscuss whether they should. Furthermore, the study does not assess actual SDimpacts of individual projects, but looks at the development of phenomena as awhole. This study covers only selected offset providers that were identified asinvolved in voluntary-based project for the moment of conducting a research. Eightstandards were chosen based on their presence in the selected region to illustrate thestandards followed by voluntary GHG ERs projects. The study does not attempt tocover all the standards employed by the VCM.Limitations to this research manifested in primary and secondary datacollection and at the analytical stage of the research on the account of non-legallybinding voluntary market being vast, non-structured and nascent. Data availabilitywas limited due to the accessibility of projects registries, questionnaire response ratesand project developers and operators availability. The study acknowledges that it wasnot able to obtain complete data on voluntary market-based projects in the regiongiven that the level of cooperation from market actors was rather low. Moreover, thetotal number of the voluntary project in the region cannot be approximated only basedon the total volume of transactions, since the total number of the voluntary-basedprojects is not publicly available information. This prevents from conclusions on thevolume of the market covered by the current study. In terms of regional scope, thestudy has no intention to address the objectives through evaluating nationally distinctfeatures of the countries of the region, but views the region as sharing commoncharacteristics significant for evaluated phenomena.Despite these limiting factors, the material collected allows hypothesizing ongeneral development trends as well as identifying main approaches to sustainabledevelopment conceptualization.1.3.4 DispositionThe paper is organized as follows: the next section discusses the theoreticalframework of the study. A section 3 that introduces the general institutional structureof carbon markets follows this. Section 4 that describes the data and reveals somepreliminary evidence follows it. Section 5, discussing the collected empirical materialand presenting the results of the study, succeeds it. The final section concludes.10
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSAFOLU Agricult
Page 7 and 8: 7. WORK CITED 428. APPENDICES 49ANN
Page 9 and 10: main driver for project development
Page 11 and 12: 1.2. ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK1.2.1 RESE
Page 13 and 14: Discourse analysis is sensitive to
Page 15: The organizations involved in the v
Page 19 and 20: Sustainability discourse is formed
Page 21 and 22: 3. UNDERSTANDING CARBON FINANCE3.1
Page 23 and 24: are permitted to release is defined
Page 25 and 26: the same time as the downward trend
Page 27 and 28: preferences. This aspect of VCM pro
Page 29 and 30: 4. EMPIRICAL FINDINGSBefore I turn
Page 31 and 32: size, was mentioned as major factor
Page 33 and 34: community-based Microsolar Lighting
Page 35 and 36: funds establishment to channel fund
Page 37 and 38: approach’ 10 (PC, 2009b). This in
Page 39 and 40: Five standards out of 11 applied we
Page 41 and 42: sustainable development nor other b
Page 43 and 44: mechanism, technological solutions
Page 45 and 46: voluntary markets enable more direc
Page 47 and 48: therefore, there I have little grou
Page 49 and 50: 7. WORK CITEDADBG (African Developm
Page 51 and 52: Ellis, J., Winklerb, H., Corfee-Mor
Page 53 and 54: Olsen, K., H. (2007). The Clean Dev
Page 55 and 56: Wodak, R. & Meyer. M. (2001). Metho
Page 57 and 58: ANNEX II. LIST OF ORGANIZATIONS IDE
Page 59 and 60: ANNEX V. PROJECTS INVENTORY DATABAS
Page 61 and 62: 333435QuirimbasCarbonLivelihoodsPro
Page 63 and 64: 60616263646566Reforestationin Kibal

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