1718SustainableCommunityKenyaTree Planting,KenyaDakatchaWoodlandsKenya19 Biogas kenya Kenya202122232425262728KenyanEnergyEfficientStovesKenyaDragon TreeMadagascarRainforestMadagascarstoveprogrammeMadagascarEfficient homestoves in MadagascarSpiny ForestAfforestation &ReforestationAfforestation &ReforestationEnergyEfficiencyEnergyEfficiencyAfforestation &ReforestationEnergyEfficiencyEnergyEfficiencyHouseholdwaste in Madagascar Landfill gasMadagascarMad'Eole 1.2MW WindRenewableEnergy Plant MadagascarEnergyin NorthernMadagascarSolar andefficientstoves in MadagascarSouthwestMadagascarIntegratedBiomassEnergyConservationMalawiSolarAidMicrosolarLanternsProject forMalawiMalawiMalawi29 Cook Stoves Mali303132Jatropha oil inMaliMaliZambeziDelta CarbonLivelihoodsGorongosaNational ParkRenewableEnergyBiomassEnergyRenewableEnergyEnergyEfficiencyRenewableEnergy(1999-2004 -startedbyCreditperiod2004-2018n/a100,000+TIST)tCO2eq(f2004-2018)Carbon Clear (UK),TIST (USA)6,000,000Climate Stewards (UK)tCO2eq totaln/aCarbon Clear (UK)-previously supportedn/a n/a co2balance (UK)50 years560 tCO2eqper annumn/an/an/a2010-20172008-2014n/a2009-2018n/an/aMozambique Afforestation & 2007-Reforestation 2017MozambiqueAfforestation &Reforestation2001(pilotstart) -2006(creditsregistred)-2104TIST"Quantifiers",VER - meetIn progresstherequirementsof CDMCCBA In pipeline,(iunder listed underevaluation) CCBAVCS, GS,In progressCCB, CDMICROAstandard,Gold In progressStandard(intended)Supported by:PrimaKlima-Weltweit(Germany), Operator: n/a In progressNatur- und Artenschutzin den TropenBlue Ventures CarbonOffset, ssociation pour TICOS0-2 kton le Développement de independenttCO2eq per l'Energie Solaire verification/m In progressannum (ADES) and the anagementUniversity of Tulear, serviceMadagascar.24,000tCO2eqannumClimateCare (UK) not specificper sponsor, Operator: (VCS, VER, In progressAndrew Lees Trust or GS VER )Operator: Gevalor,120,000Supported by: Action VER+tCO2eq totalcarbon (France)12,530tCO2eq93,870tCO2eq250,000tCO2eq2700tCO2eqMad'Eole (Madagaskar) GoldStandardAssociation pour leDéveloppement del’Energie Solaire, NGO Gold(CH) - project developer, Standardmyclimate Foundation(INT)Hestian Innovation (UK) Gold- project developer StandardACG, SolarAid (UK)GoldStandard15 – 60 FirstClimateGoldtCO2eq per (International, US,Standardannum France, Switzerland)GoldCLIMACTIS (France)StandardIn progressIn pipeline,listed under GSIn progressIn pipeline,listed under GSIn progressUnderDevelopmentUnderDevelopment25,722,707Envirotrade (UK) Plan Vivo In progresstCO2eq total50,000tCO2eqannumOperator: SofalaProvincial Government,Supported by:CarbonNeutral (UK),Envirotrade (UK), PlanVivo (UK), EdinburghUniversity, EuropeaidperPlan Vivo(2003-2008). CreditsPurchasers:Envirotrade, TheCarbonNeutralCompany.In progress53
333435QuirimbasCarbonLivelihoodsProjectOndangwaNamibiaReforestationPlantingSchoolsNorthernNamibiaMozambique Afforestation & Operational sinceReforestation2003NamibiaininNamibiaAfforestation &ReforestationMozambiqueGovernmentDepartments,Traditional communitiesliving in the nationalA total of ~1 park, Envirotrade Ltd369 397 (UK)– an investor andVERs to be project developergenerated by responsible for projectPlan Vivothe1st year. management and the5th ~ 11 680 marketing and sale. .357; 10th ~ Envirotrade Ltd25 722 707.(Mozambique)responsible for allproject delivery in thecommunity. Bioclimate,Research andDevelopment .PrimaKLima_Weltweit,42 tCO2eq50 years Bäume Menschen -per annumoperatorAfforestation &Reforestation n/a n/a Omuthiya and Omboton/aPrimary School,Operator:OkangororosaCombined School,Supported by: FlyingForest (UK)n/aIn progressIn progressIn progress36Efficient FuelWood Stoves Nigeria EnergyEfficiency37 Senegal38GreencharcoalSenegalin Senegal39 Cook Stoves Senegal40414243ImprovedCookstoves in SenegalFatick RedionOptimisedSolar Drying SenegalIn SenegalQwa-QwaRoyal Natal South AfricaNational ParkFerncliffe-TshalanimithiNatureReserveSouth Africa10 yearsLernen Helfen Leben~ 30.000(DE) -developer, DARE GoldtC02eq per(Nigeria), Atmosfair - StandardannumfundingIn pipelineAfforestation &Reforestationn/a n/a TREE n/a In progressBiomassEnergyEnergyEfficiencyEnergyEfficiencyRenewableEnergyAfforestation &Reforestationn/an/an/aOperator: Pro Natura5,000 International, Supported GoldtCO2eq total by: Action Carbone Standard(France)15 – 60 FirstClimateGoldtCO2eq per (International, US,Standardannum France, Switzerland)2300CLIMACTIS (France)tCO2eq totaln/a n/a CLIMACTIS (France)GoldStandardGoldStandardIn progressUnderDevelopmentIn pipeline,listed under GSIn progress150 tCO2eq50 years PrimaKLima_Weltweit n/a In progressper annumAfforestation &Reforestation n/a 9,000tCO2eq totalSupported by: ClimateStewards (UK), ClimateStewards Carbon Bank,Ferncliffe - CCBATshalanimithi. Operator:A Rocha South AfricaIn progress44 South Africa Afforestation &The Sindisa FoundationReforestation n/a n/a on behalf of Flying n/aForest.BioTherm SPV2 (Pty)Ltd - private company,45project developer andLetabaBiomass toSouth AfricaBiomasssponsor, myclimate2007- 225,579Goldfoundation representedEnergyEnergy 2021 tCO2eqStandardby South PoleProjectCarbonAssetManagement Ltd * –private entity46EfficientLightingDurban, Kwa-Zulu Natal,South AfricaEnergyEfficiencyn/a4,000,000tCO2eq totalPhilips Lighting SouthAfrica, Cleaner Climate n/a(UK)In progressIn progressIn progress54
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSAFOLU Agricult
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7. WORK CITED 428. APPENDICES 49ANN
- Page 9 and 10: main driver for project development
- Page 11 and 12: 1.2. ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK1.2.1 RESE
- Page 13 and 14: Discourse analysis is sensitive to
- Page 15 and 16: The organizations involved in the v
- Page 17 and 18: 1.3.3 LIMITATIONS AND SYSTEM BOUNDA
- Page 19 and 20: Sustainability discourse is formed
- Page 21 and 22: 3. UNDERSTANDING CARBON FINANCE3.1
- Page 23 and 24: are permitted to release is defined
- Page 25 and 26: the same time as the downward trend
- Page 27 and 28: preferences. This aspect of VCM pro
- Page 29 and 30: 4. EMPIRICAL FINDINGSBefore I turn
- Page 31 and 32: size, was mentioned as major factor
- Page 33 and 34: community-based Microsolar Lighting
- Page 35 and 36: funds establishment to channel fund
- Page 37 and 38: approach’ 10 (PC, 2009b). This in
- Page 39 and 40: Five standards out of 11 applied we
- Page 41 and 42: sustainable development nor other b
- Page 43 and 44: mechanism, technological solutions
- Page 45 and 46: voluntary markets enable more direc
- Page 47 and 48: therefore, there I have little grou
- Page 49 and 50: 7. WORK CITEDADBG (African Developm
- Page 51 and 52: Ellis, J., Winklerb, H., Corfee-Mor
- Page 53 and 54: Olsen, K., H. (2007). The Clean Dev
- Page 55 and 56: Wodak, R. & Meyer. M. (2001). Metho
- Page 57 and 58: ANNEX II. LIST OF ORGANIZATIONS IDE
- Page 59: ANNEX V. PROJECTS INVENTORY DATABAS
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