Double Robustness in Estimation of Causal Treatment Effects
Double Robustness in Estimation of Causal Treatment Effects
Double Robustness in Estimation of Causal Treatment Effects
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2. Counterfactual Model<br />
In contrast: Observational study<br />
• Exposure to treatment is not controlled, so exposure may be related<br />
to the way a subject might potentially respond:<br />
(Y0, Y1) �� Z<br />
• And, <strong>in</strong>deed, E(Y |Z = 1) �= E(Y1) and E(Y |Z = 0) �= E(Y0), and<br />
Y (1) − Y (0) is not an unbiased estimator for ∆<br />
<strong>Double</strong> <strong>Robustness</strong>, EPID 369, Spr<strong>in</strong>g 2007 13