Acute lead poisoning is another potential risk <strong>for</strong> methamphetamine abusers, becausea common method of illegal methamphetamine production uses lead acetateas a reagent. There is a danger that production errors may there<strong>for</strong>e result in methamphetaminecontaminated with lead. Fetal exposure to methamphetamine alsois a significant problem. Research indicates that methamphetamine abuse duringpregnancy may result in prenatal complications, increased rates of premature delivery,and altered neonatal behavioral patterns, such as abnormal reflexes and extremeirritability. Methamphetamine abuse during pregnancy may also be linked to congenitalde<strong>for</strong>mities.Meth users face some specific issues with the teeth and mouth, commonly referredto as “meth mouth.” Some of the chemicals used to make meth—and there<strong>for</strong>efound in meth—can irritate and burn sensitive tissues inside the mouth, createsores, and lead to infection and decay. Meth dries up saliva, leaving the mouthwithout a natural defense against cavities. Users are notorious <strong>for</strong> treating symptomsof “cottonmouth” with lots of sugary soda, which leads to more tooth decay.Because the drug can make users feel anxious, many users clench or grind theirteeth until they crack. Meth can also cause gum disease by shrinking the vesselsthat supply blood to oral tissues, breaking the tissues down and eventually killingthe user’s oral tissue. Meth mouth can advance so rapidly that those who sufferfrom it may need to have all of their teeth pulled and replaced with dentures.For additional, more detailed in<strong>for</strong>mation about the clinical presentation, evaluation,and health effects of persons exposed to methamphetamine, refer to <strong>Part</strong> B ofthis toolkit: “A Guide <strong>for</strong> Clinicians and <strong>Health</strong> Care Professionals Responding toMethamphetamine Lab Exposures.”Dangers to ChildrenThe specific dangers to children who live at or visit drug production sites or arepresent during drug production include the following:• Inhalation, absorption, or ingestion of toxic chemicals, drugs, contaminatedfoods, or drink that may result in respiratory difficulties, nausea, chest pain,eye and tissue irritation, chemical burns, and death• Fires and explosions resulting from dangerous methamphetamine productionprocesses• Abuse and neglect by parents who often binge on methamphetamine• Hazardous living conditions (firearms, possible booby traps, poor ventilationand sanitation)© 2007 <strong>Society</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Health</strong> <strong>Education</strong>46 Helping Communities Combat Clandestine Methamphetamine Laboratories
Children exposed to meth labs may display the following symptoms:• red and itchy eyes• chronic cough• skin rashes or burns• chronic respiratory problems• reliance on an inhaler• body odor of chemicals• clothes that smell like cat urineChildren with long-term exposure to meth labs may display the following:• learning disabilities• delayed speech and language skills• malnutrition• meth addiction• kidney, liver, and spleen damage• erratic sleeping habits• neurological damage© 2007 <strong>Society</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Health</strong> <strong>Education</strong>ResponsePersonnel who respond to meth lab seizures and who conduct investigations may befrom any of the law en<strong>for</strong>cement, social services, prosecution, environmental health,or medical disciplines. These personnel usually respond according to their ownagency’s protocols and, in most instances where multidisciplinary teams have notbeen established, operate independently. A coordinated multidisciplinary response<strong>for</strong> children found at meth labs may help ensure that all the needs of each child aremet and that evidence is gathered to support the management and prosecution ofeach case. When jurisdictions do not coordinate their responses to these complicatedscenes, personnel can overlook children’s needs or assume another agency willaddress these needs, fail to remove children from conditions of endangerment, orfail to gather adequate evidence to substantiate appropriate endangerment and otherlegal charges. Coordinated multidisciplinary investigations enhance in<strong>for</strong>mationgathering, evidence integrity, and comprehensive counseling and treatment services<strong>for</strong> children and their families.<strong>Part</strong> A: An <strong>Education</strong>al Toolkit <strong>for</strong> <strong>Health</strong> Educators47