3GPP Broadband Evolution to IMT-Advanced - 4G Americas

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estrictions—although efforts are under way that are resulting in greater flexibilityincluding the use of 3G technologies in current 2G bands.With the projected increase in the use of mobile-broadband technologies, the amount ofspectrum required by the next generation of wireless technology (that is, after 3GPP LTEin projects such as International Mobile Telecommunications [IMT] Advanced) could besubstantial. In the US, the FCC this year committed itself to finding an additional 500MHz of spectrum over the next 10 years as part of its national broadband plan. Thiswould effectively double the amount of spectrum for commercial mobile radio service. Asregulators make more spectrum available, it is important that such spectrum be:1. Harmonized on a regional or global basis.2. Unencumbered by spectrum caps and other legacy voice-centric spectrum policies.3. Made available in as wide radio channels as possible (i.e., 10 MHz, 20 MHz andmore).4. Utilized efficiently without causing interference to existing spectrum holders.Emerging technologies such as LTE benefit from wider radio channels. These wider radiochannels are not only spectrally more efficient, but offer greater capacity, an essentialattribute because typical broadband usage contributes to a much higher load than a voiceuser. For instance, watching a YouTube video consumes 100 times as many bits persecond on the downlink as a voice call.Figure 8 shows increasing LTE spectral efficiency obtained with wider radio channels, with20 MHz showing the most efficient configuration.Figure 8: LTE Spectral Efficiency as Function of Radio Channel Size 2710090% Efficiency Relative to 20 MHz807060504030201001.4 3 5 10 20MHzOf some concern in this regard is that spectrum for LTE is becoming available in differentfrequency bands in different countries. For instance, initial US deployments will be at 70027 Source: 3G Americas’ member company analysis.Transition to 4G: 3GPP Broadband Evolution to IMT-Advanced, Rysavy Research/3G Americas, Aug 2010 Page 22
MHz, in Japan at 1500 MHz and in Europe at 2.6 GHz. Thus, with so many varyingspectrum bands, it will most likely necessitate that roaming operation be based on GSMor HSPA on common regional or global bands.Core-Network Evolution3GPP is defining a series of enhancements to the core network to improve networkperformance and the range of services provided, and to enable a shift to all-IParchitectures.One way to improve core-network performance is by using flatter architectures. The morehierarchical a network, the more easily it can be managed centrally; the tradeoff,however, is reduced performance, especially for data communications, because packetsmust traverse and be processed by multiple nodes in the network. To improve dataperformance and, in particular, to reduce latency (delays), 3GPP has defined a number ofenhancements in Release 7 and Release 8 that reduce the number of processing nodesand result in a flatter architecture.In Release 7, an option called one-tunnel architecture allows operators to configure theirnetworks so that user data bypasses a serving node and travels directly via a gatewaynode. There is also an option to integrate the functionality of the radio-network controllerdirectly into the base station.For Release 8, 3GPP has defined an entirely new core network, called the EPC, previouslyreferred to as SAE. The key features and capabilities of EPC include:Reduced latency and higher data performance through a flatter architecture.Support for both LTE radio-access networks and interworking with GSM-HSPAradio-access networks.The ability to integrate non-3GPP networks such as WiMAX.Optimization for all services provided via IP.Sophisticated, network-controlled, quality-of-service architecture.This paper provides further details in the sections on HSPA Evolution (HSPA+) and EPC.Service EvolutionNot only do 3GPP technologies provide continual improvements in capacity and dataperformance, they also evolve capabilities that expand the services available tosubscribers. Key service advances include Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC), IMS, andbroadcasting technologies. This section provides an overview of these topics, and theappendix provides greater detail on each of these items.FMC refers to the integration of fixed services (such as telephony provided by wireline orWi-Fi) with mobile cellular-based services. Though FMC is still in its early stages ofdeployment by operators, it promises to provide significant benefits to both users andoperators. For users, FMC will simplify how they communicate making it possible for themto use one device (for example, a cell phone) at work and at home where it mightconnect via a Wi-Fi network or a femtocell. When mobile, users connect via a cellularnetwork. Users will also benefit from single voice mailboxes and single phone numbers,as well as the ability to control how and with whom they communicate. For operators,FMC allows the consolidation of core services across multiple-access networks. Forinstance, an operator could offer complete VoIP-based voice service that supports accessTransition to 4G: 3GPP Broadband Evolution to IMT-Advanced, Rysavy Research/3G Americas, Aug 2010 Page 23
Page 11 and 12: Quality of service (QoS). By priori
Page 13: Figure 4: WCDMA-HSPA Voice and Data
Page 16 and 17: It is clear that both EDGE and UMTS
Page 18: TechnologyNameType Characteristics
Page 21: Europe are providing operators with
Page 25 and 26: and VoIP operation. These approache
Page 27 and 28: will be able to build applications
Page 29 and 30: Leveraging this success, operators
Page 31 and 32: VoIP for HSPA. Since LTE uses an IP
Page 33 and 34: Figure 10: Different Deployment Sce
Page 35 and 36: Figure 11: Radio Resource Managemen
Page 37 and 38: IEEE 802.16e-2005 and now IEEE 802.
Page 39 and 40: attempts, no terrestrial wireless-d
Page 41 and 42: DownlinkPeakNetworkSpeedPeakand/orT
Page 43 and 44: DownlinkUplinkPeakNetworkSpeedPeaka
Page 45 and 46: Figure 13: HSDPA Performance of a 7
Page 47 and 48: Figure 15: HSPA+ Performance Measur
Page 49 and 50: Figure 17: LTE Throughput in Variou
Page 51 and 52: Figure 19: Latency of Different Tec
Page 53 and 54: Figure 20: Performance Relative to
Page 55 and 56: Figure 21: Comparison of Downlink S
Page 57 and 58: Incremental redundancy in error cor
Page 59 and 60: Figure 23: Comparison of Voice Spec
Page 61 and 62: Figure 24: Relative Volume of Subsc
Page 63 and 64: Technology EDGE/HSPA/LTE CDMA2000 W
Page 65 and 66: capacity of OFDMA-based approaches
Page 67 and 68: In this section, we consider differ
Page 69 and 70: To understand the evolution of data
Page 71 and 72: how EDGE functions including networ
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Alternatively, the original number
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In today’s EDGE systems, f12 thro
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DAS-9 16 QAM 217.6DAS-10 32 QAM 262
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Operators can also use their entire
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HSDPAHSPA refers to networks that s
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Figure 33: User DiversitySignal Qua
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Initial devices enabled peak user r
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“single-stream MIMO” or “MIMO
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Given the large amount of backhaul
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connection between the network and
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Figure 39: HSPA One-Tunnel Architec
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Figure 40: High-Speed Forward Acces
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elatively straightforward changes i
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on LTE began in 2004 with an offici
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Figure 45: LTE OFDMA Downlink Resou
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Single base-station antenna versus
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TX antennas and most devices will o
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Figure 48: Evolution of Voice in an
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Table 19: IMT-Advanced Requirements
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Beyond wider bandwidths, LTE-Advanc
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As discussed in more detail in the
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Different technologies spanning Wi-
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stations, and because of the narrow
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Support for new radio-access networ
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AbbreviationsThe following abbrevia
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GBR - Guaranteed Bit RateGbyte - Gi
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PHY - Physical LayerPMI - Precoding
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Additional Information3G Americas m
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Ericsson: HSPA voice migration, Jun
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SNL Kagan: press release, “SNL Ka
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3GPP Broadband Evolution to IMT-Advanced - 4G Americas

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