National Report of Sweden to the NKG General ... - Lantmäteriet

National Report of Sweden to the NKG GeneralAssembly 2010– geodetic activities in Sweden 2006-2010Dan Norin a , Lars E Sjöberg b & Jan M Johansson caLantmäteriet, SE-801 82 Gävle, Sweden, dan.norin@lm.sebKTH, Division of Geodesy, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, lsjo@kth.secOnsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92 Onsala, Sweden, jan.johansson@chalmers.sePresented at the 16 th General Assembly of the Nordic Geodetic Commission inSundvollen, Norway, September 27 th -30 th 2010- The improvement of new national1. Geodetic activities atgeoid models.Lantmäteriet- Absolute gravity measurements onthe Swedish absolute gravity sitesand comparative measurements onNordic sites.1.1 IntroductionAt Lantmäteriet (the Swedish mapping, 1.2 Satellite positioning (GNSS)cadastral and land registration1.2.1 GPS 4campaignsauthority) the geodetic activities duringLantmäteriet has participated in the2006-2010 have been focused on:NKG 5 2008 GPS campaign (Jivall et al.,- The Swedish network of permanent 2010), which is a follow-up of the NKGGNSS 1stations (SWEPOS), its 2003 GPS campaign. The campaign wasexpansion and the development ofSWEPOS services such as a networkRTK 2 service.carried out September 28–October 42008, aiming at developing a commonreference frame in the Nordic-Arcticarea and to improve and update the- The finalisation of the project RIX 95transformations from ITRF 6to thewith development of transformationnational ETRS 89 realisations in theparameters between nationalarea. Lantmäteriet has co-ordinated thereference frames and local ones.processing of the campaign.- The implementation of the Swedish1.2.2 NKG EPN 7LAC 8national geodetic reference frameSWEREF 99, the Swedish ETRS 89 3 Lantmäteriet operates the NKG EPNrealisation.LAC in co-operation with Onsala Space- The implementation of the Swedish 4GPS = Global Positioning Systemnational height system RH 2000.5NKG = Nordic Geodetic Commission (NordiskaKommissionen för Geodesi)1GNSS = Global Navigation Satellite Systems2RTK = Real-Time Kinematic6ITRF =International Terrestrial Reference Frame7EPN = EUREF Permanent Network8LAC = Local Analysis Centre1

2Observatory at Chalmers University ofTechnology. Totally 50 EPN stationsconcentrated to northern Europe areprocessed with the Bernese GPSsoftware version 5.0, see Figure 1.1.This means that eight stations havebeen added to the NKG EPN LAC subnetworksince the last NKG GeneralAssembly four years ago. Both weeklyand daily solutions based on final IGS 9products are processed. Lantmäteriethas also represented NKG at the fifth,and sixth EUREF 10 LACs Workshops,which were held in 2006 and 2008. Thisis also the plan for the seventhworkshop in autumn 2010.The NKG EPN LAC will also contributeto the EPN reprocessing with solutionsbased on both the Bernese GPSSoftware and GAMIT. Bernesesolutions for the pilot reprocessing ofthe year 2006 have been processedduring 2009/2010.1.2.3 EGNOS 11The EGNOS RIMS 12 that wasinaugurated at Lantmäteriet in Gävlealready during 2003 has beensuccessfully supported by Lantmäterietsince then.1.2.4 Swedish Radio Navigation PlanThe Swedish Radio Navigation Plan of2009 is published by the SwedishMaritime Administration. Lantmäteriethas taking part in the working groupwithin the Swedish Board of RadioNavigation that has produced the plan.Since early 2010, Lantmäteriet chairsthe Swedish Board of RadioNavigation.1.2.5 Nordic Positioning ServiceLantmäteriet has participated in theproject Nordic Positioning Service. Themajor purpose was both to exchangedata between the networks ofpermanent reference stations inDenmark, Norway and Sweden and toestablish common positioning services.The project also implied exchange ofknowledge in the fields of operationand applications of networks ofpermanent reference stations.Figure 1.1: The NKG EPN LAC subnetworkof 50 permanent GNSS stations.1.3 Network of permanentreference stations (SWEPOS)SWEPOS is the Swedish network ofpermanent GNSS stations (Jämtnäs etal., 2010), see www.swepos.com.The purposes of SWEPOS are to:- Provide single- and dual-frequencydata for relative GNSS measurements.9IGS = International GNSS Service10EUREF = the IAG Reference Frame Subcommission forEuropeIAG = International Association of Geodesy11EGNOS = European Geostationary Navigation OverlaySystem12RIMS = Ranging and Integrity Monitoring Station

3- Provide DGPS 13 /DGNSS 14corrections and RTK data fordistribution to real-time users.- Act as the continuously monitoredfoundation of the national referenceframe SWEREF 99.- Provide data for geophysicalresearch.- Monitor the integrity of the GNSSsystems.During 2006, a sub-group of the NKGproject Nordic Positioning Servicedeveloped a classification system ofpermanent GNSS stations (Engfeldt etal., 2006). The system includes fourdifferent classes; A, B, C and D, whereclass A is the class with the highestdemands and the system was adoptedby Lantmäteriet in 2007.Today (September 2010) SWEPOSconsists of totally 195 stations, 37 classA stations and 158 class B ones, seeFigures 1.2 and 1.3.Figure 1.3: Söderboda is a SWEPOSstation with a roof-mounted GNSS antennamainly established for network RTKpurposes belonging to class B.This means that the total number ofSWEPOS stations has increased with 90stations since the last NKG GeneralAssembly, see Figures 1.4 and 1.5.The class A stations are built onbedrock and have redundantequipment for GNSS observations,communications, power supply, etc.They have also been connected byprecise levelling to the national preciselevelling network.Class B stations are mainly establishedon top of buildings for network RTKpurposes. They have the sameinstrumentation as class A stations(dual-frequency GPS/GLONASSreceivers with antennas of DorneMargolin design), but with somewhatless redundancy.Figure 1.2: Överkalix is one of theSWEPOS stations belonging to class A.13DGPS = Differential GPS14DGNSS = Differential GNSS

4An antenna calibration field wasestablished in April 2007 on the roof ofthe headquarters of Lantmäteriet inGävle, primarily for testing andcalibration of the antennas used inSWEPOS. All new, re-built orproblematic antennas in the SWEPOSnetwork are tested on the test field.Figure 1.4: The SWEPOS network by thetime for the last NKG General Assembly in2006. Orange dots are stations that werebuilt after the meeting during the summer2006.Seven SWEPOS stations are included inEPN. These stations are Onsala,Mårtsbo, Visby, Borås, Skellefteå,Vilhelmina and Kiruna (ONSA, MAR6,VIS0, SPT0, SKE0, VIL0 and KIR0).Daily, hourly and real-time (EUREF-IP)data (1 second) are delivered for allstations, except for Vilhelmina, wherejust daily and hourly files aresubmitted.Furthermore, Onsala, Mårtsbo, Visby,Borås and Kiruna are included in theIGS network and two stations(Skellefteå and Stockholm) areproposed to be included.Sweden has also, according to the coordinationwithin NKG, offered allseven Swedish EPN stations exceptVilhelmina for ECGN 15 . GNSS data fromSWEPOS stations are furthermore usedin meteorological applications such as E-GVAP 16 .Figure 1.5: The SWEPOS network inSeptember 2010 with a number ofbordering Norwegian, Danish and Finnishstations that are used in SWEPOS NetworkRTK Service. Squares are class A stationsand dots are class B stations.1.4 SWEPOS servicesBoth SWEPOS data for post-processingin RINEX 17 format and an automatedprocessing service (available onwww.swepos.com) have been availablefor a long time. Some developmentshave been done and during 2008 theprocessing service changed from15ECGN = European Combined Geodetic Network16E-GVAP = EUMETNET EIG GNSS water vapour programme17RINEX = Receiver Independent Exchange format

5a flexible and redundant service, tailormadeversion 4.2 to version 5.0 of the Bernese19KMS = Kort & MatrikelstyrelsenGPS software.for large-scale infrastructureprojects (Hedling et al., 2009). FurtherThe SWEPOS Network RTK Servicedensifications are taking place duringwas launched with regional coverage2010 in the area around Stockholm, onon January 1st 2004, using the VRS 18the west-coast of Sweden and in thetechnique. The service has been southern part of Sweden.expanded with regional one-year-longestablishment projects and it has duringExisting guidelines concerning the use2010 reached national coverage. Sinceof the network RTK service have beendata from permanent GNSS stations isimproved during the last yearexchanged between the Nordic(Odolinski, 2010). Several parameterscountries, good coverage of the servicehave been handled as well as timein border areas and along the coasts hascorrelation effects for points measuredbeen obtained during the last years byclose to each other in time.the inclusion of 9 Norwegian SATREFstations, 7 Finnish Geotrim stations, 3Danish Leica SmartNet stations and 1Danish KMS 19 station.A project called “Close-RTK” has alsobeen performed during the last year,with an effort to assess the quality ofthe present network RTK technique, aswell as future development scenarios ofThe service has broadcasted RTK datafor both GPS and GLONASS sinceApril 1 st 2006 and has today (Septemberspace (GNSS) and ground (SWEPOS)infrastructure (Emardson et al., 2009and Jämtnäs et al., 2010). The project2010) approximately 1480 subscriptions, was initiated by Lantmäteriet, SPwhich means approximately 1030 new Technical Research Institute of Swedenusers since the last NKG General and Chalmers University ofAssembly.Technology. Parameters that weredeeply studied were different sourcesDuring February 2008, a survey of theof uncertainty in measurements (e.g.users of SWEPOS and its services wasatmospheric and local effects), futurecarried out by questionnaire. Thesatellite systems as Galileo andsurvey had special focus on theCompass and a general densification ofnetwork RTK service. Close to 400the SWEPOS network (with 35 kmanswers were received from the 950between the stations).users that the service had at that point.Most of the users were very satisfiedwith the performance and “customersupport” of the network RTK serviceand considered it to be worth its price.SWEPOS also offers a single frequencyNetwork DGNSS Service that waslaunched on April 1 st 2006. Both thisservice and the network RTK serviceare using the network RTK/DGNSSThere is an increasing use of RTK forsoftware GPSNet from Trimble andmachine guidance. To meet this, somedensifications of the SWEPOS network GSM 20 or GPRS 21 (i.e. mobile Internethave been done. In these areas are connection) as the main distributionSWEPOS Network RTK Service used as channels.18VRS = Virtual Reference Station20GSM = Global System for Mobile communication21GPRS = General Packet Radio Service

6marked in bedrock and theThe Swedish DGPS service EPOS is22RDS = Radio Data Systemapproximately 300 SWEREF pointsusing correction data from SWEPOS.EPOS is using the RDS 22 channel on theFM radio network for the distributionapproximate distance between them arearound 50 km. The observations lastedfor 2x24 hours, with a new set upand in July 2007 the operator of this between the sessions. They wereservice changed from Cartesia observed with antennas of DorneInformationsteknik AB to Teracom AB. Margolin T-type design and theBernese GPS software was used for theprocessing.1.5 The project RIX 95The large project RIX 95, whichinvolved GPS measurements ontriangulation stations and selected localcontrol points, was finalized in 2008. Itstarted already in 1995 and the workwas financed by a group of nationalagencies. The principal aim was toconnect local coordinate systems toboth the national reference frameSWEREF 99 and the old horizontalreference frame that SWEREF 99 hasreplaced, which is called RT 90.Another aim was to establish newpoints easily accessible for local GNSSmeasurements.The outcome of the project is 9029control points determined inSWEREF 99 and other existing national Figure 1.6: The 9029 control pointsreference frames, see Figure 1.6. The determined within the RIX 95 project thatoutcome also consists of transformation lasted 1995-2008.relations between these referenceframes as well as to local reference1.6 Implementation offrames used by the municipalities. Thetransformations are based on so-calledSWEREF 99direct projection (Engberg & Lilje,2006).By defining SWEREF 99 as an activereference frame we are exposed to relyon SWEPOS’ positioning services likeThe measurements were to large extentthe network RTK service. Allmade with standard equipment andalterations of equipment and softwarewith procedures for static observations.as well as movements at the stationsAround 300 of the points were howeverwill in the end affect the coordinates. Inmeasured in a way that coordinatesorder for the possibility to keep a checkwith very low uncertainty inon all these alterations, so-calledSWEREF 99 could be obtained. Theseconsolidation points have beenso-called SWEREF points are allintroduced (Engberg et al., 2010). The

7from the RIX 95 project are used for thispurpose, see Figure 1.7, and they willbe remeasured in a yearly programmewith 50 points each year.municipalities that have finalised thereplacement has increased from 11 to192 during the four past years.In this process, a rectification ofdistorted geometries in the localreference frames is needed. Thetransformation parameters obtainedfrom RIX 95 together with correctionmodels based on new GNSSmeasurements are used for thispurpose. The rectification is made by aso-called rubber sheeting algorithm andthe result will be that all geographicaldata are positioned in a homogenousreference frame, the nationalSWEREF 99.Figure 1.7: The approximately 300 socalledSWEREF points from the RIX 95project.A formal decision regarding mapprojections for SWEREF 99 for bothnational mapping and local surveyingwas taken in 2003. All the projectionsare of the Transverse Mercator type. InJanuary 2007, Lantmäteriet replacedRT 90 with SWEREF 99 (and thenational map projection calledSWEREF 99 TM) in all databases andproduct lines. A new map sheetdivision and a new index system werealso adopted.The work regarding theimplementation of SWEREF 99 amongother authorities in Sweden, such aslocal ones, is in progress (Kempe et al.,2010). 87 % of the 290 Swedishmunicipalities have started the processto replace their old reference frameswith SWEREF 99. The number of1.7 Implementation of RH 2000The national height system RH 2000 isbased on the third precise levelling ofSweden that lasted 1978-2003. The finaladjustment was done in 2005. The landuplift model used called NKG2005LUwas adopted as a Nordic model byNKG in 2006. The model is based on acombination and modification of themathematical model of Olav Vestøl andthe geophysical model of Lambeck,Smither and Ekman (Ågren &Svensson, 2007). The network consistsof about 50,000 bench marks,representing roughly 50,000 km doublerun precise levelling measured bymotorised levelling technique.However, the third precise levellingcontinued on the island of Gotland in2007. These observations were adjustedand connected to the mainland inRH 2000 in 2008 through a combinationof tide gauge and GNSS/levellingobservations, complemented bygeoid/oceanographic models.

8Since the beginning of the 1990’s, asystematic inventory/updating of thenetwork is continuously performed.The work with implementing RH 2000among other authorities in Sweden is inprogress. 106 of the 290 Swedishmunicipalities have, in co-operationwith Lantmäteriet, started the processof analysing their local networks, withthe aim to replace the local heightsystems with RH 2000. So far, 33municipalities have finalised thereplacement for all activities, which is29 more than by the time for the lastNKG General Assembly four years ago.1.8 Geoid modelsThe national Swedish geoid model,SWEN08_RH2000 was released in thebeginning of 2009. It has beencomputed by adapting the Swedishgravimetric model KTH08 to thereference systems SWEREF 99 andRH 2000 by utilising a large number ofgeometrically determined geoidheights, computed as the differencebetween heights above the ellipsoiddetermined by GNSS and levellednormal heights above sea level. In thisstep, a correction has been applied forthe postglacial land uplift and fordifferences in permanent tide systems.A smooth residual surface is used tomodel the GNSS/levelling residuals(residual interpolation).The standard uncertainty ofSWEN08_RH2000 has been estimatedto 10-15 mm everywhere on theSwedish mainland with the exceptionof a small area in the north-west notcovered by the third precise levelling,see Figure 1.8. The standarduncertainty is larger in the latter areaand at sea, probably around 5-10 cm.706968676665646362616059585756555410 12 14 16 18 20 22 240.0480.0460.0440.0420.040.0380.0360.0340.0320.030.0280.0260.0240.0220.020.0180.0160.0140.0120.010.008Figure 1.8: Expected accuracy (standarduncertainty) for the geoid modelSWEN08_RH2000 (metre).The underlying gravimetric model,KTH08, has been computed by thetechnique called LSMSA 23 . This workhas been made in co-operation withProfessor Sjöberg and his group atKTH 24 in Stockholm (Ågren et al., 2009).Another geoid related activity duringthe last four years has been theevaluation of EGM 2008 25 (Ågren, 2009).Presently Lantmäteriet investigateswhat is required of the national gravitysystem and gravity data to be able tocompute a more accurate geoid model23LSMSA = Least Squares Modification of Stokes Formulawith Additive Corrections24KTH = Royal Institute of Technology (Kungliga TekniskaHögskolan), Stockholm25EGM2008 = Earth Gravitational Model 2008

9Lantmäteriet has since 2007 madein the future (with standard uncertainty26GIA = Glacial Isostatic Adjustmentof the order 5 mm). Two preliminaryconclusions from this ongoing project(not yet published) are that a newgravity system is needed and that 5 kmresolution is sufficient for the detailgravity. Besides, a significant amount ofnew observations are required and theabsolute observations with the newinstrument on 12 of the Swedish sites,but also on 1 Danish site, 1 Finnish site,2 Norwegian sites, 3 Serbian sites andat two inter-comparisons (one with 19other gravimeters in Luxembourg andone with 22 other gravimeters in Paris).old data need to be checked andupdated in various ways.All Swedish sites are co-located withpermanent reference stations for GNSSin the SWEPOS network (except for1.9 GravimetryGöteborg which is no longer in use).The number of Swedish sites whereOnsala is also co-located with VLBI 27 .absolute gravity observations haveSkellefteå, Smögen, and Visby are colocatedwith tide gauges.been carried out has increased from 11to 14 sites since the last NKG General The absolute gravity observations areAssembly, see Figure 1.10.co-ordinated within NKG, andIn the autumn of 2006, Lantmäterietobservations have also been performedpurchased a new absolute gravimeterby several groups (BKG 28 , IfE 29 , UMB 30(Micro-g Lacoste FG 5 - 233), see Figureand FGI 31 ) together with Lantmäteriet.1.9. The objective behind thisThis arrangement has made it possibleinvestment is to ensure and strengthento observe 7 of the sites every year sincethe observing capability for long term2003 (marked with green backgroundmonitoring of the changes in thecircles in Figure 1.10).gravity field due to the FennoscandianGIA 26 .Figure 1.9: The new FG5 absolutegravimeter and the observer team duringthe on-site training course. Photo: Mikael 27VLBI= Very Long Baseline InterferometryLilje.28BKG = Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie,Germany29IfE = Institut für Erdmessung, Universität Hannover,Germany30UMB = Universitetet for Miljø og Biovitenskap, Norway31FGI = Finnish Geodetic Institute, Finland

10Research regarding the 3D geometricdeformation is foremost done withinthe BIFROST effort. Reprocessing of allobservations from continuouslyoperating GPS stations since autumn1993 up to autumn 2006 has been done(Lidberg, 2007, Lidberg et al., 2007 andLidberg et al., 2010). The results agreewith an updated geophysical,meaningful GIA model at the submm/yrlevel.Figure 1.10: Absolute gravity sites inSweden (red squares), planned new site(yellow diamond) and sites in neighbouringcountries (grey circles). Sites observedevery year since 2003 have a green circle asbackground to the red square.At Onsala Space Observatory, a superconductinggravimeter was installedduring the summer 2009, see Section3.3.1.10 GeodynamicsThe main purpose of the repeatedabsolute gravity observations is tosupport the understanding of thephysical mechanisms behind theFennoscandian GIA process, where therelation between gravity change andgeometric deformation is a primaryparameter.A coordinate transformation schemehas been developed for high-precisionsurvey applications using GNSSrelative permanent reference stations.Internal deformations are accounted forin the scheme. The used deformationmodel (NKG_RF03vel), which is basedon the results from BIFROST and on theland uplift model NKG2005LU, isimplemented in the automatedprocessing service offered by SWEPOS,see Section 1.4.1.11 Further activities1.11.1 Diploma worksDuring the period 2006-2010 totally 11diploma works have been performed atLantmäteriet by students from KTH,the University of Gävle and HögskolanVäst in Trollhättan. 8 of the diplomaworks have mainly been focused onGNSS and to large extend the SWEPOSservices. 3 of them have mainly beenfocused on reference systems, partlywith the objective to support theimplementation of new referencesystems.1.11.2 Doctoral dissertationsTwo persons from Lantmäteriet haveperformed doctoral studies at OnsalaSpace Observatory. One study dealtwith geodetic reference frames inpresence of crustal deformations

11(Lidberg, 2007). The other one, thatpresently is going on, deals with theunderstanding and modelling of thedynamics of the Earth and it's gravityfield in terms of response to surfaceloads. It has special emphasis on GIAand the Fennoscandian land uplift area(Olsson et al., 2009).1.11.3 Arranged workshops andseminarsThe Struve Geodetic Arc bi-annuallyInternational Conference about thisworld heritage was arranged inHaparanda and Pajala in August 2006.future" was organised in Gävle in April2009 with approximately 50participants.A European meeting of theInternational Subcommittee of CGSIC 32was held in Stockholm in October 2009.It was arranged in co-operation withAJ Geomatics and approximately 60persons attended the meeting.A meeting in RTCM SC-104 33 took placein Gävle in February 2010.The yearly EUREF symposium wasarranged in Gävle June 2-5 2010 in cooperationwith KTH and Onsala SpaceObservatory. It gathered 129participants from 29 countries.For Swedish GNSS users, seminarswere arranged in Gävle in March 2007and October 2009. The aim of these biannuallyseminars is to highlight thedevelopment of GNSS techniques,applications of GNSS and experiencesfrom the use of GNSS. Many locallyarranged seminars have also had keyspeakers from Lantmäteriet, who haveinformed about things like SWEPOS,SWEPOS services and theimplementation of SWEREF 99 and RH2000.Figure 1.11: An opening ceremony for theSwedish Struve world heritage points washeld in 2006 at the point Jupukka. Themayor of Pajala municipality, Bengt Niskaand the president of the Swedish RoyalAcademy of Sciences, Kerstin Fredga, arestanding by the pole. Photo: Tõnu Viik.The NKG workshop "Capabilities andDevelopment of Network-RTK in the1.11.4 Web-pageThe Lantmäteriet web-page(www.lantmateriet.se/geodesi) hasextensive geodetic information. Herealso transformation parameters andgeoid models are easily and freelyaccessible.1.11.5 Digital geodetic archiveThe geodetic archive with descriptionsof points and their coordinates and32CGSIC = Civil GPS Service Interface Committee33RTCM SC-104 = Radio Technical Commission forMaritime Services Special Committee No. 104

12heights etc. has been made digital. Theweb-page was opened for both internaland external users in October 2007.Today (September 2010), 109 externalusers are registered and they pay asmall yearly fee.1.11.6 Plan for geodetic activitiesGEODESI 90 and Geodesi 2000 arepreviously published 10 year longplans for geodetic activities in Sweden.A strategic plan for the years 2011-2020called Geodesi 2010 is underconstruction and the plan is to have itpublished before the end of 2010.1.11.7 National elevation modelLantmäteriet are responsible for theproduction of a new Swedish nationalelevation model. The final decision forthis was taken by the Swedishgovernment in December 2008.Airborne laser scanning is mainly usedand the production started in July 2009.The scanning will continue to 2012 andall parts of the production will befinalised in 2015.Figure 1.12: Personnel from Lantmäterietintroducing RTK surveying for DSLR 34 inBhutan. Photo: Tenzin Namgay.1.11.8 Participation in projects overseasLantmäteriet are involved (partlythrough the state-owned companySwedesurvey) in many projects abroad.Many projects have a geodetic part andtypical components are the update ofreference frames and theimplementation of modern surveyingtechniques based on GNSS.Countries where geodetic personnelhave had assignments over the last fouryears are Albania, Armenia, Belarus,Bhutan, Botswana, China, Georgia,Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, KyrgyzstanMacedonia, Mongolia, Serbia, Syria andTajikistan.34DSLR = Department of Surveying and Land Records,Thimphu, Bhutan

132. Geodetic activities at KTH,the Royal Institute ofTechnology2.1 IntroductionThe Division of Geodesy at the RoyalInstitute of Technology (KTH) inStockholm offers graduate andpostgraduate education as well asperforms research in geodesy andsurveying. Below we summarize theseactivities for the period 2006-2010.2.2 Graduate programmeGeodesy courses have been taught as apart of the Geomatics Engineeringspecialization of the MSc programme“Samhällsbyggnad”(BuiltEnvironment). The number of studentsattending these courses varies greatlyfrom 3 to about 25. The followingcourses have been given during theperiod 2006-2010:- Geodetic surveying- Analysis of measurements (Theoryof errors)- Map projections- Reference systems- Satellite positioning with GPS- Physical geodesy- Integrated navigation- Engineering surveyingSince autumn 2007 there is also a 2-yearinternational master programme“Geodesy and Geoinformatics” withseveral courses co-ordinated with theprevious programme. About 20students from Europe, Asia, Africa andLatin America, are recruited each year.During the report period, staffmembers of the Division of Geodesyhave participated in 4 European UnionTempus projects which lead to theestablishment of 4 new universityprogrammes in geodesy and GIS 35 forModolva, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan andTajikistan, respectively.2.3 Postgraduate programmeSince 2006 five postgraduate studentshave successfully defended their Ph.D.theses in the fields of displacementmonitoring using GPS (Andersson,2008), laser scanning (Reshetyuk, 2009),geoid determination (Kiamehr, 2006and Ulotu, 2009) and satellitegradiometry (Eshagh, 2009). For thetime being there are six activepostgraduate students.2.4 Physical geodesyThis project is a continuation of a longtermresearch programme in physicalgeodesy at the Royal Institute ofTechnology (KTH) with the overallscientific objective of improving thetheory and corrections needed in orderto compute the geoid to 1 cm accuracy.35GIS = Geographical Information Systems

14Figure 2.1: At the EUREF symposium inGävle June 2-5 2010, which was arrangedin co-operation between Lantmäteriet, KTHand Onsala Space Observatory, apresentation was held about a rigorousformula for the geoid-to-quasigeoidseparation. The session was chaired byMarkku Poutanen of FGI. Photo: ÖrjanZackrisson.The KTH geoid computation technique,called LSMSA 36 , is unique in the sensesthat it uses 1) least squares modificationof Stokes formula and 2) adds allcorrections for topography, atmosphereand ellipsoidal effects separately ascombined corrections.Most of this development wascompleted during 2006-2010, and themethod has proved to be the best intests, or at least not worse than anyother method, among these tests aninternational comparison of gravimetricgeoid software packages vs. GPSlevellinggeoid models. For references,see Ågren et al. (2008) and (2009), andUlotu (2009).studies dealt with a technique todetermine the geoid and orthometricheights from satellite positioning andgeopotential numbers (Sjöberg 2006a)and refinement of the conversion fromnormal to orthometric height (Sjöberg2006b). Also, Sjöberg (2009a) presenteda new method to determine Mohodepth by using Vening Meinesz-Moritzhypothesis of a global isostaticcompensation of the topography with aspherical approximation of sea level.When computing the precise geoid bystandard or modified Stokes formula(e.g. the RCR-method), the correctionfor the topographic masses is aconsiderable workload. This job is verysignificantly reduced in the LSMSAmethod, where the combinedtopographic correction is reduced tothat of the spherical Bouguercorrection, while the additional terraincorrection is eliminated. See Sjöberg(2007a), (2008a), (2009a).The KTH-method, based on LSMSA,has been applied in 3 Master’s thesisprojects to compute geoid models forGreece (Daras et al. 2008), Sudan andKazakhstan, respectively.Sjöberg and Eshagh (2009) presented anew method for geoid determinationfrom airborne gravity data. Other36LSMSA = Least Squares Modification of Stokes Formulawith Additive Corrections

153. Geodetic activities atChalmers University ofTechnology and OnsalaSpace Observatoryterrestrial reference programme,celestial reference system programme,and the European geodetic VLBI series.Additionally, we participated in the 14days long continuous campaignCONT08 that produced highest qualitystate-of-the-art VLBI results. Dataanalysis of the CONT08 sessionrevealed that the Onsala station is oneof the two stations with bestperformance out of the 11 participatingstations worldwide. The CONT08 dataare also an important reference data setfor the VLBI2010 simulation work.3.1 IntroductionWe analyse Geodetic VLBI observationsOnsala Space Observatory is theto derive accurate information aboutSwedish national facility for radioEarth orientation and rotation onastronomy. It is hosted by thevarious time scales. A waveletDepartment of Earth and Spacedecomposition of the length-of-daySciences at Chalmers University of(lod) derived from a global geodeticTechnology, where the Space GeodesyVLBI data set is presented in Figure 3.1.and Geodynamics research group areIt reveals signatures of global-scalefocused on three techniques formass redistribution processes ongeodetic, geophysical and other earthvarious time scales. Among them is theoriented applications:so-called El-Nino phenomenon.• Geodetic VLBI• Gravimetry• GNSSCo-location work between the differenttechniques is also performed.3.2 Geodetic VLBIThe Space Geodesy and Geodynamicsresearch group has activelyparticipated in the observing Figure 3.1: Wavelet analysis of length-ofday(lod) results derived from a globalprogramme of IVS 37 . On average, aboutgeodetic VLBI data set. Variations on25 geodetic VLBI sessions weredifferent time scales are clearly visible,performed every year, using the Onsalarelated to global-scale mass redistribution20 m radio telescope and VLBIprocesses.equipment. The observed sessions arepart of IVS’ earth rotation programme, In 2007 we started together with37IVS= International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometrycolleagues in Finland and Japan theFennoscandian-Japanese ultra-rapid

16dUT1-project. This project aims atproducing low latency earth rotationresults using e-VLBI. Observations arepreformed on extended east-westoriented baselines betweenFennoscandia and Japan. The observeddata from the Fennoscandian radiotelescopes are transferred in real-timeto a Japanese correlator centre andcorrelated in near real-time togetherwith the corresponding observationaldata of the Japanese radio telescopes,and successively analyzed in near realtimeto produce low latency results onUT1. The current low-latency worldrecord was achieved in 2008 with thedetermination of final UT1 resultswithin 4 minutes after the end of a onehour long observation session. Theagreement with the final IERS 38 05EOPC04 values proved to be on theorder of 30 microseconds. This is on thesame level as the standard IERS rapidsolutions, but with a much lowerlatency. Since 2009 the project isextended to regular 24 hours IVSsessions.During 2006 to 2010 we contributedactively to the development ofVLBI2010, the next generation geodeticVLBI system, with simulations ofatmospheric propagation delays and anevaluation of the importance ofatmospheric turbulence for geodeticVLBI. The simulations are based onturbulence models and aim atproducing realistic propagation delays.Atmospheric turbulence is described byturbulence parameters Cn that can bederived e.g. from high-resolutionradiosonde profiles. Our work showsthat atmospheric turbulence is animportant limiting factor for geodetic38IERS= International Earth Rotation and Reference SystemsServiceVLBI today and also for the futureVLBI2010 system.Another approach to address the issueof atmospheric propagation delays ingeodetic VLBI data analysis is the useof external information to model theseeffects. We work on the use of datafrom Numerical Weather Models(NWM), e.g. the data provided by theEuropean Centre for Medium-rangeWeather Forecast (ECMWF), tocalculate line-of-sight corrections forgeodetic VLBI data by ray-tracing. Theaim is to use these corrections asimproved a priori data for the dataanalysis, or as a way to calibrate theVLBI data. Our focus is on theEuropean VLBI data set.In 2009 we started a collaboration withthe radio telescopes in Medicina andNoto, both Italy, and colleagues atMetsähovi (Finland) and JIVE (TheNetherlands) to develop a strategy toobserve GNSS-satelltie signals withVLBI. The idea is to do VLBIobservations with GNSS-signals and torelate these to normal geodeticobservations of natural radio sources.This could be a way to connect thesatellite orbits to the celestial referenceframe and thus a new tie of GNSS andVLBI. Several tests were performed andfirst attempts of data correlation andanalysis are promising.In 2009 we started a project togetherwith the SP Technical Research Instituteof Sweden to evaluate the potential ofgeodetic VLBI for time and frequencytransfer. Geodetic collocation sites withequipment for VLBI and GNSS that areconnected to common time andfrequency distribution by H-masers areperfect candidates for time andfrequency transfer experiments. Weused the CONT08 data set for a

17comparison and evaluation offrequency transfer with VLBI andGNSS. Our results show that geodeticVLBI can reach frequency transferstability of 1e-15 during one day, andthat this is in good agreement withGNSS-based techniques.We use the global geodetic VLBI dataset to derive long time series oftropospheric zenith wet delay (ZWD)and atmospheric gradient values. ForOnsala, these time series cover morethan 25 years. The ZWD can beconverted into information on theintegrated water vapour content(IPWV) and compared toindependently derived IPWV resultsfrom a ground based microwaveradiometer operated at Onsala andradiosonde observations from theLandvetter-Gothenburg airport. Figure3.2 shows the corresponding timeseries.Figure 3.2: Time series of integratedprecipitable water vapor (IPWV) asdetermined from geodetic VLBI dataobserved at Onsala (VLBI, top) microwaveradiometry at Onsala (WVR, middle) andradiosondes at Gothenburg-Landvetter (RS,bottom).the order of 0.4 to 0.6 kg/m2 perdecade. However, the agreement is notperfect. A major problem in thecomparison is the different sampling ofthe three data sets and the individualdata gaps. Synchronization of the datasets results in small biases on the orderof 1 kg/m2 and root-mean-square(RMS) differences of less than 2 kg/m2,but does not improve the agreement ofthe trends.3.3 Super-conducting gravimetryOn June 10 2009, a super-conductinggravimeter (SCG, series number GWR-054) was taken into operation at theOnsala Space Observatory. The mainuse of the new facility is providing acalibrated gravity station for visitinggroups within absolute gravity projectsaiming e.g. at determining gravitychanges in the Nordic countries inconnection with GIA. The newgravimeter station provides us with the"third pillar" of geodesy, i.e. gravityand geopotential measurement,complementing our contributions theother two pillars, earth rotation andearth deformation. This developmenthas now raised Onsala to the status of aFundamental Geodetic Station, a corestations for the maintenance of theInternational Reference System. Figure3.3. presents the gravimeter record forslightly more than one year. Severalexternal research groups with absolutegravimeters have been visiting Onsalasince mid 2009 to do parallelmeasurements with the newinstrument.The IPWV data derived from theindividual techniques show highcorrelation with correlation coefficientsof 0.95 and better. All three techniquesshow positive trends for the IPWV on

18respectively (Löfgren et al., 2010). Theresults show that the pair wise rootmean-squareagreement between thethree independent time series wasbetter than 4 cm, indicating that theGNSS-based tide gauge gives valuableresults for sea level monitoring.Figure 3.3: Gravity signal recorded withthe super-conducting gravimeter at OnsalaSpace Observatory.3.4 GNSS3.4.1 Measuring sea surface heightusing GNSS signalsDuring 2008 we started a project tomeasure local sea level and its variationusing GNSS signals. The measurementsare done using a dual GNSS antennaassembly, that we call a GNSS basedtide gauge, at the coast at the OnsalaSpace Observatory, see Figure 3.4. Oneantenna is directed upward, receivingthe direct GNSS signals, and measuringthe land surface height, whereas theother antenna is directed downward,receiving the GNSS signals reflectedfrom the sea surface, and measuring thesea surface height.The analysis of phase measurementsperformed with the correspondingGNSS receivers allows to estimate thelocal sea surface height and itsvariation. Results from hourly solutionsof the local sea level at Onsala werecompared with data from two stillingwell gauges, operated by SMHI 39atRinghals and Göteborg about 18 kmsouth and 33 km north of Onsala,39SMHI = Swedish Meteorological and HydrologicalInstituteFigure 3.4: GNSS-based tide-gauge at theOnsala Space Observatory.3.4.2 Using GNSS signals to measurethe long term change of the Earth’satmospheric water vapourWater vapour is a key element in ourclimate system. It takes part in thehydrological cycle by transportingwater in the atmosphere andredistributing energy throughevaporation and condensation and itaffects the precipitation and soilmoisture. Water vapour is also the mostimportant green-house gas, absorbingand trapping radiations emitted fromthe Earth’s surface. Therefore,Knowledge of the concentration andlong-term changes of water vapour inthe Earth’s atmosphere is of crucial

19importance for the operational weatherand climate forecasting. However, dueto it is variable both spatially andtemporally, measuring the content ofthe water vapour, especially for longtime series is difficult. Based on thetiming of radio waves propagatingthrough the atmosphere, GNSS can beused to determine the amount ofatmospheric water vapor abovereceivers on the ground. Along withdensification and extension ofpermanent GNSS station networksglobally, using GNSS measurement toestimate atmospheric water vapourcontent is a promising application.Motivated by the purpose to validateand improve climate models, whichnormally are used for forecasting andalso to assess our future climate,independent measurements of thecontent of the Earth’s atmosphericwater vapour from continuouslyoperating GNSS networks are used. Inthe project, longer time seriesobservations (some up to 15 years)from more than 100 GNSS sites (most ofthem in Europe, and some global) areanalyzed, see Figure 3.5.Figure 3.5: The distribution of the GNSSstations used in the project withindependent measurements of the content ofthe Earth’s atmospheric water vapour.Systematic effects will be studied inorder to obtain realistic trends, withsmall uncertainties. The GNSSestimates are compared to the watervapour content derived from twoclimate models. The results are not onlyinteresting for the climate applications,but also can be used to improve theperformance of GNSS techniques.3.4.3 Investigations on theelectromagnetic environment of theGNSS ground-based antennasAfter decades of continuousdevelopment, data from GNSS havebeen used successfully in manyapplications. For example, continuouslyoperating GPS stations have significantadvantages for determining the Earth’satmospheric water vapour content. Theformal uncertainty is in the order of 0.5kg/m2 and Root-Mean-Square (RMS)difference seen in comparisons to otherinstruments, such as radiosondes andmicrowave radiometers. Based on thehighly precise orbit information andconsistent Earth orientation parameters,the accuracy of horizontal positionestimates from the GPS data are at themillimetre level. However, to get thesame accuracy in the verticalcomponent of the coordinate estimatesfrom GNSS, the impact of theelectromagnetic environment of theGNSS antennas, i.e. scattering andmultipath reflection, should beinvestigated and mitigated. Thereforethe influence on the measurementsfrom attaching anti-reflection material,i.e. microwave absorbers to the GNSSantenna is of great interest to study.Additionally, many antennas ofgeodetic stations are protected byradomes from extreme weatherconditions. The effects from theinstallation of radomes are alsoimportant to know.

20At the Onsala Space Observatory, anexperimental pillar was constructed forflexible mounting of GNSS antennas fordifferent scientific studies. A 3-dimensional positioning adjustmentwas mounted below the antenna.Hence the antenna can be moved indifferent directions with respect to theradome and the pillar. Meanwhile anarrangement was implemented to beable to move the radome up or downrelative to the pillar. To investigate theeffects of the different electromagneticenvironment, the observations from theexperimental pillar were obtained withdifferent geometries of the absorberand the radome, i.e. with or withoutradome, and with or without absorberbelow or around the antenna, seeFigure 3.6. The results show that theuse of the microwave absorberdecreases multipath effects up to 80 %both on the estimates of the verticalcomponent of the coordinate and theatmospheric water vapour content. Theimplementation of the hemisphericradome gives neglect effects.Figure 3.6: Photographs of theexperimental station with (top) and without(bottom) the radome having, (a) noabsorber, (b) the absorber attached bothunder and around the antenna, and (c) theabsorber attached under the antennaground plane only.3.5 Co-location workIn 2008 we performed a repeated localtie measurement at the Onsala SpaceObservatory. A laser tracker was usedto determine the reference point of the20 m radio telescope and the connectionto the IGS monument. The outcome ofthis project confirmed in general the2002 local tie work. However, the newmeasurements provided a local tie withfull covariance information.In a master’s thesis project started in2009 we did a survey of the localgravity field at the Onsala SpaceObseratory. A Lacoste-Rombergrelative gravimeter was used and alarge number of survey points at theobservatory were observed. Also thegravity tie between the old gravity hutand the new gravity hut wasdetermined.In 2009 we performed the project ’ColdMagics’ at the Ny-Ålesund GeodeticObservatory. The aim of this projectwas to achieve continuous monitoringof the local tie and local survey networkat a co-location site. A single robotictotal station was used for this projectand differential motion larger than 1was detected mm between observationtargets attached to the VLBI and GNSSmonument.In 2010 we set up a similar project atOnsala, however with the aim tomonitor different type of GNNSmonuments and the effect ofenvironmental stress on thesemonuments. This time we applied tworobotic total stations.

214. ReferencesAndersson J V (2008): A Complete Modelfor Displacement Monitoring Basedon Undifferenced GPS Observations.KTH, Doctoral Dissertation inGeodesy, Stockholm, Sweden.Daras I, Fan H, Papazissi K, FairheadJ D (2008): Determination of agravimetric geoid model of Greeceusing the method of KTH. IAG,GGEO 40 2008 Symposium, June23-27 2008, Chania, Greece.Emardson R, Jarlemark P, Bergstrand S,Nilsson T, Johansson J (2009):Measurement Accuracy in Network-RTK. SP Technical ResearchInstitute of Sweden, SP report2009:23, http://wwwv2.sp.se/publ/user/default.aspx?RapportId=10192 (cited May2010).Engberg L E & Lilje M (2006): Directprojection – an efficient approach fordatum transformation of plane coordinates.FIG 41 , XXIIIInternational Congress, October8-13 2006, 8 pages, Munich,Germany.Engberg L E, Lilje M, Ågren J (2010): Isthere a need of marked points inmodern geodetic infrastructure? FIG,XXIV International Congress,April 11-16 2010, 7 pages, Sydney,Australia.Engfeldt A, Jepsen C, Hedling G,Thorsen S O (2006): Classification ofpermanent reference stations forGNSS. NKG, PM.Eshagh M (2009): On Satellite GravityGradiometry. KTH, DoctoralDissertation in Geodesy,Stockholm, Sweden.Hedling G, Wiklund P, Lööf A, LidbergM, Jonsson B (2009): Newdevelopments in the SWEPOSnetwork. IAIN 42 , 13th WorldCongress, October 27-30 2009, 5pages, Stockholm, Sweden.Jivall L, Tangen O, Pihlak P, Häkli P,Dalane G, Lidberg M, Abbas KhanS (2010): Processing of the NKG2008 GPS campaign. NKG, 16thGeneral Assembly, September 27-30 2010, Sundvollen, Norway (inpress).Jämtnäs L, Sunna J, Jonsson B (2010):The 3 rd generation SWEPOS ®network – towards a modern GNSSreference station infrastructure.NKG, 16th General Assembly,September 27-30 2010,Sundvollen, Norway (in press).Kempe C, Alfredsson A, Andersson B,Engberg L E, Dahlström F, LohaszG (2010): The process of changingfrom local systems into SWEREF 99– a challenge for Lantmäteriet and agreat step for the municipalities.EUREF, 2010 Symposium, June 2-5 2010, 8 pages, Gävle, Sweden (inpress). Also in NKG, 16th GeneralAssembly, September 27-30 2010,Sundvollen, Norway (in press).Kiamehr R (2006): Precise gravimetricgeoid model for Iran based onGRACE and SRTM data and theLeast-Squares Modification of Stokes’formula: with some geodynamicinterpretations. KTH, DoctoralDissertation in Geodesy,Stockholm, Sweden.40GGEO = Gravity, Geoid & Earth Observation41FIG = Fédération Internationale des Géomètres(International Federation of Surveyors)42IAIN = International Association of Institutes ofNavigation

22Lidberg M (2007): Geodetic referenceframes in presence of crustaldeformations. Chalmers Universityof Technology, Doktorsavhandlingarvid Chalmerstekniska högskola Ny serie Nr2705, Gothenburg, Sweden.Lidberg M, Johansson J M, ScherneckH-G, Davis J L (2007): An improvedand extended GPS derived 3Dvelocity field of the Glacial IsostaticAdjustment (GIA) in Fennoscandia.Springer, Journal of Geodesy, 81:213-230.Lidberg M, Johansson J M, ScherneckH-G, Milne G A (2010): Recentresults based on continuous GPSobservations of the GIA process inFennoscandia from BIFROST.Elsevier, Journal of Geodynamics,Volume 50, Issue 1(July 2010), pp. 8-18.Löfgren J S, Haas R, Johansson J M(2010): Monitoring coastal sea levelusing reflected GNSS signals.Elsevier, Journal of Advances inSpace Research, (in press).Odolinski R (2010): Swedish userguidelines for network-RTK. FIG,XXIV International Congress,April 11-16 2010, 14 pages,Sydney, Australia. Also in NKG,16th General Assembly,September 27-30 2010,Sundvollen, Norway (slightlyupdated, in press).Olsson P-A, Scherneck H-G, Ågren J(2009): Effects on gravity from nontidalsea level variations in the BalticSea. Elsevier, Journal ofGeodynamics, Volume 48, Issues3-5 (December 2009), pp. 151-156.Reshetyuk Y (2009): Self-calibration anddirect georeferencing in terrestriallaser scanning. KTH, DoctoralDissertation in Geodesy,Stockholm, Sweden.Ulotu P (2009): Geoid Model of Tanzaniafrom Sparse and Varying GravityData Density by the KTH method.KTH, Doctoral Dissertation inGeodesy, Stockholm, Sweden.Sjöberg L E & Eshagh M (2009): A geoidsolution for airborne gravity data,Stud. Geophys. Geod., 53: 359-374.Ågren J & Svensson R (2007): PostglacialLand Uplift Model and SystemDefinition for the new SwedishHeight System RH 2000.Lantmäteriet, Reports in Geodesyand Geographic InformationSystems, 2007:4, Gävle, Sweden.Ågren J, Kiamehr R, Sjöberg L E (2008):Progress in the determination of agravimetric quasigeoid model overSweden. In Knudsen (ed.):Proceedings of the 15 th GeneralMeeting of the Nordic GeodeticCommission. NKG, 15th GeneralAssembly, May 29-June 2 2006,pp. 120-128, Copenhagen,Denmark.Ågren J (2009): Evaluation of EGM2008and PGM2007A over Sweden.IGFS 43 , Newton’s Bulletin, n° 4,pp. 99-109.Ågren J, Sjöberg L E, Kiamehr R (2009):The new gravimetric quasigeoidmodel KTH08 over Sweden. deGruyter, Journal of AppliedGeodesy, 3 (2009), pp. 143-153.43IGFS = International Gravity Field Service of the IAG

23List of published geodetic papers 2006-2010Lantmäteriet (the Swedish mapping, cadastral and landregistration authority)Reports in Geodesy andGeographical InformationSystems (Rapportserie: Geodesioch Geografiska informationssystem)2006:2: Norin D, Engfeldt A, JohanssonD, Lilje C: Kortmanual för mätningmed SWEPOS Nätverks-RTK-tjänst.2006:3: Klang D & Burman H: En nysvensk höjdmodell laserskanning,Testprojekt Falun.2006:4: Klang D: KRIS-GIS ® projekt iEskilstuna. Kvalitet i höjdmodeller.2006:5: von Malmborg H: Jämförelse avEpos och nätverks-DGPS (diplomawork).2006:8: Wennström H-F (ed.): StruveGeodetic Arc 2006 InternationalConference – the Struve arc andextensions in space and time.2006:9: Shah A: Systematiska effekter inomden tredje riksavvägningen (diplomawork).2007:1: Johnsson F & Wallerström M:En nätverks-RTK-jämförelse mellanGPS och GPS/GLONASS (diplomawork).2007:4: Ågren J & Svensson R:Postglacial land uplift model andsystem definition for the new Swedishheight system RH 2000.2007:8: Halvardsson D & Johansson J:Jämförelse av distributionskanaler förprojektanpassad nätverks-RTK(diploma work).2007:10: Lidberg M & Lilje M:Evaluation of monument stability inthe SWEPOS GNSS network usingterrestrial geodetic methods –- up to2003.2007:11: Lilje C, Engfeldt A, Jivall L:Introduktion till GNSS.2007:12: Ivarsson J: Test and evaluation ofSWEPOS Automated ProcessingService (diploma work).2007:14: Lilje M, Eriksson P-O, OlssonP-A, Svensson R, Ågren J: RH 2000och riksavvägningen.2008:4: Johansson D & Persson S:Kommunikationsalternativ förnätverks-RTK – virtuell referensstationkontra nätverksmeddelande(diploma work).2009:1: Ågren J: Beskrivning av denationella geoidmodellernaSWEN08_RH2000 ochSWEN08_RH70.2009:2: Odolinski R & Sunna J:Detaljmätning med nätverks-RTK –en noggrannhetsundersökning(diploma work).2009:4: Fridén A & Persson A-K:Realtidsuppdaterad etablering av fristation – ett fälttest med radioutsändprojektanpassad nätverks-RTK(diploma work).2009:5: Bosrup S & Illerstam J:Restfelshantering med Natural

24Neighbour och TRIAD vid byte avkoordinatsystem i plan och höjd(diploma work).2010:1: Reit B-G: Om geodetiskatransformationer (also available inEnglish with the title On geodetictransformations).2010:2: Odolinski R: Studie avnoggrannhet och tidskorrelationer vidmätning med nätverks-RTK.2010:3: Odolinski R: Checklista förnätverks-RTK.2010:4: Eriksson P-O (ed.): Höjdmätningmed GNSS – vägledning för olikamätsituationer.2010:5: Eriksson P-O (ed.): Anslutningav lokala höjdnät till RH 2000 medGNSS-stommätning.2010:6: Engfeldt A & Odolinski R:Punktbestämning i RH 2000 – statiskGNSS-mätning mot SWEPOS.2010:7: Lord J: Test av GNSS-mottagarefrån DataGrid (diploma work).2010:X Norin D, Engfeldt A, Öberg S:Kortmanual med checklista förmätning med nätverks-RTK (inpress).

25International journalsNorin D (2009): RTCM Network RTKmessages evaluated in the SWEPOSEmardson R, Jarlemark P, Johansson JNetwork. Questex Media Group,M, Bergstrand S, Lidberg M,GPS World Tech Talk, URL:Jonsson B (2010): Measurementhttp://techtalk.sidt.gpsworld.comaccuracy in network-RTK. Istituto, published April 8 2009.Geografico Militare, Bulletin ofGeodesy and Geomatics, ? (inOlsson P-A, Scherneck H-G, Ågren Jpress). Also in EUREF, 2009(2009): Effects on gravity from nontidalsea level variations in the BalticSymposium, May 27-30 2009, Xpages, Florence, Italy (with theSea. Elsevier, Journal oftitle Close-RTK: An investigation ofGeodynamics, Volume 48, Issuesnetwork-RTK performance, in press).3-5 (December 2009), pp. 151-156.Hill E M, Davis J L, Tamisiea M E,Scherneck H-G, Lidberg M, Haas R,Lidberg M (2010): Combination ofJohansson J M, Milne G A (2010):geodetic observations and models forFennoscandian strain rates fromglacial isostatic adjustment fields inBIFROST GPS: A gravitating, thickplateapproach. Elsevier, Journal ofFennoscandia. AGU 44 , Journal ofGeophysical Research, Vol. 115,Geodynamics, Volume 50, Issue 112 pages.(July 2010), pp. 19-26.Jämtnäs L & Jonsson B (2008): MeetingÅgren J (2009): Evaluation of EGM2008the demands of real-time positioningand PGM2007A over Sweden.– SWEPOS Positioning Services.IGFS 45 , Newton’s Bulletin, n° 4,Centre for Geoinformationpp. 99-109.Technologies, Coordinates,Ågren J, Sjöberg L E, Kiamehr R (2009):Volume IV, Issue 12, DecemberThe new gravimetric quasigeoid2008, pp. 30-34.model KTH08 over Sweden. deLidberg M, Johansson J M, ScherneckGruyter, Journal of AppliedH-G, Davis J L (2007): An improvedGeodesy, 3 (2009), pp. 143-153.and extended GPS derived 3Dvelocity field of the Glacial IsostaticAdjustment (GIA) in Fennoscandia.Springer, Journal of Geodesy, 81:213-230.Lidberg M, Johansson J M, ScherneckH-G, Milne G A (2010): Recentresults based on continuous GPSobservations of the GIA process inFennoscandia from BIFROST.Elsevier, Journal ofGeodynamics, Volume 50, Issue 1(July 2010), pp. 8-18.44AGU = American Geophysical Union45IGFS = International Gravity Field Service of the IAG

26International conferenceproceedings and compilationworksAlfredsson A & Lilje M (2006): DigitalGeodetic Archive. FIG 46 , XXIIIInternational Congress, October8-13 2006, 10 pages, Munich,Germany.Bergstrand S, Scherneck H-C, LidbergM, Johansson J M (2007):BIFROST: Noise properties of GPStime series. In Tregoning & Rizos(eds): Dynamic Planet –Monitoring and Understanding aDynamic Planet with Geodeticand Oceanographic Tools, IAG 47 ,Symposium, August 22-26 2005,Volume 130, pp. 123-130, Cairns,Australia.Bruyninx C, Altamimi Z, Caporali A,Kenyeres A, Lidberg M, Stangl G,Torres J A (2009): Guidelines forEUREF 48 Densifications. EUREF,2009 Symposium, May 27-30 2009,Florence, Italy (in press).Emardson R, Jarlemark P, Johansson JM, Lidberg M, Jonsson B (2010):Measurements with Network-RTK:The effect of electron densityvariability in the ionosphere. NKG,16th General Assembly,September 27-30 2010,Sundvollen, Norway (in press).Engberg L E & Lilje M (2006): Directprojection – an efficient approach fordatum transformation of plane coordinates.FIG, XXIII InternationalCongress, October 8-13 2006, 8pages, Munich, Germany.46FIG = Fédération Internationale des Géomètres(International Federation of Surveyors)47IAG = International Association of Geodesy48EUREF = IAG Reference Frame Subcommission forEuropeEngberg L E, Jivall L, Lidberg M,Engfeldt A, Eriksson P-O, JonssonB, Lilje M, Lithén T, Ågren J(2009): National report of Sweden tothe EUREF 2009 Symposium –geodetic activities at Lantmäteriet.EUREF, 2009 Symposium, May27-30 2009, 10 pages, Florence,Italy (in press).Engberg L E, Lilje M, Ågren J (2010): Isthere a need of marked points inmodern geodetic infrastructure? FIG,XXIV International Congress,April 11-16 2010, 7 pages, Sydney,Australia.Engberg L E, Jivall L, Lidberg M,Engfeldt A, Eriksson P-O, JonssonB, Lilje M, Norin D, Ågren J(2010): National report of Sweden tothe EUREF 2010 Symposium –geodetic activities at Lantmäteriet.EUREF, 2010 Symposium, June 2-5 2010, 9 pages, Gävle, Sweden (inpress).Engfeldt A, Engen B, Jonsson B,Hanssen R, Jepsen C, Opseth P E,Bahl L (2008): Nordic PositioningService. In Knudsen (ed.):Proceedings of the 15 th GeneralMeeting of the Nordic GeodeticCommission. NKG 49 , 15th GeneralAssembly, May 29-June 2 2006,pp. 76-78, Copenhagen, Denmark.Engsager K, Mäkinen J, Lilje M, ÅgrenJ, Eriksson P-O, Olsson P-A,Saaranen V, Schmidt K, SvenssonR, Takalo M, Vestøl O (2007): TheBaltic levelling ring. In Torres &Hornik (eds): EUREF PublicationNo. 16, EUREF, 2006 Symposium,June 14-17 2006, pp. 62-64, Riga,Latvia.49NKG = Nordiska Kommissionen för Geodesi (NordicGeodetic Commission)

27Francis O et al. (among others EngfeldtA and Olsson P-A) (2008): Resultsof the European comparison ofabsolute gravimeters in Walferdange(Luxembourg) of November 2007.IAG, GGEO 50 2008 Symposium,June 23-27 2008, Chania, Greece.Gitlein O, Timmen L, Müller J, Ågren J,Lidberg M (2009): Absolutegravimetry results from 5 yearsmeasurements with FG5-220, IAG,Symposium, August 31-September 4 2009, Buenos Aires,Argentina.Hedling G, Wiklund P, Lööf A, LidbergM, Jonsson B (2009): Newdevelopments in the SWEPOSnetwork. IAIN 51 , 13th WorldCongress, October 27-30 2009, 5pages, Stockholm, Sweden.Hegner K & Engberg L E (2008):Advantages when changing to anationwide reference system -experiences from Umeå, amunicipality in northern Sweden.FIG, Working Week 2008, June14-19 2008, 8 pages, Stockholm,Sweden.Ihde J, Bruyninx C, Kenyeres A,Poutanen M, Söhne W, Hornik H,Altamimi Z, Brockmann E,Caporali A, Mäkinen J, Torres J,Habrich H, Stangl , Lidberg M,Dousa J, Gurtner W, Fernandes R,Sacher M, Völksen C (2009):Bigger, better, faster, more - newchallenges for EUREF in the comingdecade, IAG, Symposium, August31-September 4 2009, BuenosAires, Argentina.50GGEO = Gravity, Geoid & Earth Observation51IAIN = International Association of Institutes ofJivall L, Lidberg M, Lilje M, Olsson A(2006): National report of Sweden tothe EUREF 2005 Symposium –geodetic activities at Lantmäteriet, theNational Land Survey of Sweden. InTorres & Hornik (eds): EUREFPublication No. 15, EUREF, 2005Symposium, June 1-4 2005, pp.284-288, Vienna, Austria.Jivall L, Lidberg M, Nørbech T, WeberM (2006): Processing of the NKG2003 GPS campaign. In Torres &Hornik (eds): EUREF PublicationNo. 15, EUREF, 2005 Symposium,June 1-4 2005, pp. 132-146, Vienna,Austria.Jivall L, Kaminskis J, Parseliunas E(2007): Improvement and extension ofETRS 89 in Latvia and Lithuaniabased on the NKG 2003 GPScampaign. In Torres & Hornik(eds): EUREF Publication No. 16,EUREF, 2006 Symposium, June14-17 2006, pp. 156-162, Riga,Latvia.Jivall L, Lidberg M, Ågren J, Lilje M,Norin D (2007): National report ofSweden to the EUREF 2006Symposium – geodetic activities atLantmäteriet, the National LandSurvey of Sweden. In Torres &Hornik (eds): EUREF PublicationNo. 16, EUREF, 2006 Symposium,June 14-17 2006, pp. 278-283, Riga,Latvia.Jivall L, Lidberg M, Nørbech T, WeberM (2008): Processing of the NKG2003 GPS campaign. In Knudsen(ed.): Proceedings of the 15 thGeneral Meeting of the NordicGeodetic Commission. NKG, 15thGeneral Assembly, May 29-June 22006, pp. 52-67, Copenhagen,Denmark.Navigation

28Jivall L, Tangen O, Pihlak P, Häkli P, Kempe C, Alfredsson A, Engberg L E,Dalane G, Lidberg M, Abbas Khan Lilje M (2006): Correction model toS (2010): Processing of the NKGrectify distorted co-ordinate systems.2008 GPS campaign. NKG, 16thFIG, XXIII InternationalGeneral Assembly, September 27- Congress, October 8-13 2006, 1030 2010, Sundvollen, Norway (inpages, Munich, Germany.press).Kempe C, Alfredsson A, Andersson B,Jonsson B, Hedling G, Jämtnäs L,Engberg L E, Dahlström F, LohaszWiklund P (2006): SWEPOSG (2010): The process of changingpositioning services – status,from local systems into SWEREF 99applications and experiences. FIG,– a challenge for Lantmäteriet and aXXIII International Congress,great step for the municipalities.October 8-13 2006, 14 pages,EUREF, 2010 Symposium, June 2-Munich, Germany.5 2010, 8 pages, Gävle, Sweden (inpress). Also in NKG, 16th GeneralJämtnäs L, Jonsson B, Norin D,Assembly, September 27-30 2010,Wiklund P (2008): SWEPOSSundvollen, Norway (in press).positioning services - status,applications and experiences.Kempe T, Jivall L, Lidberg M (2010):EUGIN 52 , ENC 53 -GNSS 2008,Station calibration of the SWEPOSApril 23-25 2008, 7 pages,network. NKG, 16th GeneralToulouse, France.Assembly, September 27-30 2010,Sundvollen, Norway (in press).Jämtnäs L, Sunna J, Emardson R,Jonsson B (2010): QualityLaaksonen H, Lithén T, Persson C-GAssessment of Network-RTK in the(2008): Flood mapping of theSWEPOS Network of PermanentTornio River – part one. NKG,GNSS Stations. FIG, XXIV2nd Workshop of the DEM TaskInternational Congress, April 11-Force, November 11-13 2008, 216 2010, 15 pages, Sydney,pages, Copenhagen, Denmark.Australia. Also in DVW 54 , DVW-Lidberg M & Johansson J M (2006): ASeminar GNSS 2010 –new GPS derived velocity field of theVermessung und Navigation impostglacial adjustment in21. Jahrhundert, October 4-5 2010,Fennoscandia, and its implications forKöln, Germany (slightly updated).the maintenance of the EuropeanJämtnäs L, Sunna J, Jonsson B (2010):geodetic reference frame. In Torres &The 3 rd generation SWEPOS ®Hornik (eds): EUREF Publicationnetwork – towards a modern GNSSNo. 15, EUREF, 2005 Symposium,reference station infrastructure.June 1-4 2005, pp. 102-107, Vienna,NKG, 16th General Assembly,Austria.September 27-30 2010,Lidberg M, Johansson J M, ScherneckSundvollen, Norway (in press).H-G (2007): Geodetic referenceframes in the presence of crustaldeformations – with focus on Nordic52EUGIN = European Group of Institutes of Navigationconditions. In Torres & Hornik53ENC = European Navigation Conference(eds): EUREF Publication No. 16,54DVW = Deutscher Verein für Vermessungswesen

29EUREF, 2006 Symposium, June14-17 2006, pp. 189-198, Riga,Latvia. Also in Knudsen (ed.)(2008): Proceedings of the 15 thGeneral Meeting of the NordicGeodetic Commission. NKG, 15thGeneral Assembly, May 29-June 22006, pp. 110-119, Copenhagen,Denmark.Lidberg M, Johansson J M, ScherneckH-G, Bergstrand S, Milne G A(2008): BIFROST: A new andimproved velocity field forFennoscandia – implications formodels of glacial isostatic adjustment.In Knudsen (ed.): Proceedings ofthe 15 th General Meeting of theNordic Geodetic Commission.NKG, 15th General Assembly,May 29-June 2 2006, pp. 212-217,Copenhagen, Denmark.Lidberg M (2008): Geodetic referenceframes in the presence of crustaldeformations. FIG, Working Week2008, June 14-19 2008, 15 pages,Stockholm, Sweden.Lidberg M, Ekström C, Johansson J M,(2009): Site-dependent effects in highaccuracyapplications of GNSS. InTorres et al. (eds): EUREFPublication No. 17, EUREF, 2007Symposium, June 6-9 2007, pp.132-138, London, Great Britain.Lidberg M & Johansson J M (2009): Newvelocity solutions from 13 years ofBIFROST activities. In Torres et al.(eds): EUREF Publication No. 17,EUREF, 2007 Symposium, June 6-9 2007, pp. 155-163, London, GreatBritain.Lidberg M, Johansson J M, ScherneckH-G, Milne G A, Davis J L (2009):New results based on reprocessing of13 years continuous GPSobservations of the Fennoscandia GIAprocess from BIFROST. In Sideris(ed.): Observing our ChangingEarth, IAG, General Assembly,July 2-13, 2007, Volume 133, pp.557-568, Perugia, Italy.Lidberg M, Johansson J M, ScherneckH-G (2010): The search for the truecrustal deformations in Fennoscandiafrom BIFROST. NKG, 16thGeneral Assembly, September 27-30 2010, Sundvollen, Norway (inpress).Lidberg M, Häkli P, Engsager K,Nørbech T (2010): The NKG 2008GPS campaign – transformationresults. NKG, 16th GeneralAssembly, September 27-30 2010,Sundvollen, Norway (in press).Lilje M, Poutanen M, Knudsen P,Scherneck H-G, Skei I, Thorsen SO (2008): NGOS 55 , the NordicGeodetic Observing System. FIG,Working Week 2008, June 14-192008, 16 pages, Stockholm,Sweden. Also in Knudsen (ed.)(2008): Proceedings of the 15 thGeneral Meeting of the NordicGeodetic Commission. NKG, 15thGeneral Assembly, May 29-June 22006, pp. 167-173, Copenhagen,Denmark.Lilje M, Ågren J, Engfeldt A, Olsson P-A (2008): One year with our absolutegravimeter. FIG, Working Week2008, June 14-19 2008, 11 pages,Stockholm, Sweden.Mäkinen J, Lilje M, Ågren J, EngsagerM, Eriksson P-O, Jepsen C, OlssonP-A, Saaranen V, Schmidt K,Svensson R, Takalo T, Vestøl O(2006): Regional adjustment of55NGOS = Nordic Geodetic Observing System

30precise levellings around the Baltic.status report. In Knudsen (ed.):In Torres & Hornik (eds): EUREFProceedings of the 15 th GeneralPublication No. 15, EUREF, 2005Meeting of the Nordic GeodeticSymposium, June 1-4 2005, pp.Commission. NKG, 15th General171-183, Vienna, Austria.Assembly, May 29-June 2 2006,pp. 68-75, Copenhagen, Denmark.Norin D (ed.) (2008): National report ofSweden to the NKG GeneralOdolinski R (2010): Swedish userAssembly 2006 – geodetic activitiesguidelines for network RTK. FIG,in Sweden 2002-2006. In KnudsenXXIV International Congress,(ed.): Proceedings of the 15 thApril 11-16 2010, 14 pages,General Meeting of the NordicSydney, Australia. Also in NKG,Geodetic Commission. NKG, 15th 16th General Assembly,General Assembly, May 29-June 2 September 27-30 2010,2006, pp. 24-47, Copenhagen,Sundvollen, Norway (slightlyDenmark.updated, in press).Norin D, Jonsson B, Wiklund P (2008): Persson C-G, Engberg L E, Engfeldt A,SWEPOS and its GNSS-basedJivall L, Jonsson B, Lidberg M,positioning services. FIG, WorkingSvensson R, Ågren J, Klang D,Week 2008, June 14-19 2008, 15Norin D (2008): National report ofpages, Stockholm, Sweden.Sweden to the EUREF 2008Symposium – geodetic activities atNorin D, Hedling G, Johansson D,Lantmäteriet, the National LandPersson S, Lilje M (2009): PracticalSurvey of Sweden. EUREF, 2008evaluation of RTCM network RTKSymposium, June 18-21 2008, 12messages in the SWEPOS network. pages, Brussels, Belgium (inION 56 , 2009 ITM 57 , January 26-28press).2009, 7 pages, Anaheim,California, USA.Persson C-G, Engberg L E, Engfeldt A,Jivall L, Jonsson B, Lidberg M,Norin D, Sjöberg L E, Johansson J MSvensson R, Ågren J (2009):(2010): National report of Sweden toNational report of Sweden to thethe NKG General Assembly 2010 –EUREF 2007 – geodetic activities atgeodetic activities in Sweden 2006-Lantmäteriet, the National Land2010. NKG, 16th GeneralSurvey of Sweden. In Torres et al.Assembly, September 27-30 2010,(eds): EUREF Publication No. 17,Sundvollen, Norway (in press).EUREF, 2007 Symposium, June 6-9 2007, pp. 273-279, London, GreatNørbech T, Engsager K, Jivall L,Britain.Knudsen P, Koivula H, LidbergM, Madsen B, Ollikainen M,Poutanen M, Knudsen P, Lilje M,Weber M (2008): TransformationNørbech T, Plag H-P, Scherneckfrom a common Nordic referenceH-G (2006): The Nordic Geodeticframe to ETRS89 in Denmark,Observing System (NGOS). InFinland, Norway and Sweden –Torres & Hornik (eds): EUREFPublication No. 15, EUREF, 2005Symposium, June 1-4 2005, pp.56ION = The Institute of Navigation191-197, Vienna, Austria. Also in57ITM = International Technical Meeting

31Tregoning & Rizos (eds) (2007):Dynamic Planet – Monitoring andUnderstanding a Dynamic Planetwith Geodetic and OceanographicTools, IAG, Symposium, August22-26 2005, Volume 130, pp. 749-756, Cairns, Australia.Schwieger V, Lilje M, Sarib R (2009):GNSS CORS – reference frames andservices. FIG, 7th RegionalConference, October 19-22 2009,22 pages, Hanoi, Vietnam.Svensson R, Ågren J, Olsson P-A,Eriksson P-O, Lilje M (2006): Thenew Swedish height system RH 2000and geoid model SWEN 05LR. FIG,XXIII International Congress,October 8-13 2006, 15 pages,Munich, Germany.Timmen L, Gitlein O, Müller J, DenkerH, Mäkinen J, Bilker M, PettersenB R, Lysaker D I, Omang O C D,Svendsen J G G, Wilmes H, Falk R,Reinhold A, Hoppe W, ScherneckH-G, Engen B, Harsson B G,Engfeldt A, Lilje M, Strykowski G,Forsberg R (2006): ObservingFennoscandian gravity change byabsolute gravimetry. In Sansò & Gil(eds): Geodetic DeformationMonitoring: From Geophysical toEngineering Roles, IAG,Symposium, March 17-19 2005,Volume 131, pp. 193-199, Jaén,Spain.Torres J, Bitenc V, Caporali A,Cruddace P, Engberg L E, GaraytP, Habrich H (2010): Thecontribution of EUREF to Inspire.EUREF, 2010 Symposium, June 2-5 2010, Gävle, Sweden (in press).Wennström H-F (2006): D.G. Lindhagenand the arc measurements. InWennström (ed.): Struve GeodeticArc 2006 International Conference– the Struve arc and extensions inspace and time (LMV-Rapport2008:8), Lantmäteriet, StruveGeodetic Arc 2006 InternationalConference, August 13-15 2006,pp. 65-70, Haparanda and Pajala,Sweden.Ågren J, Svensson R, Olsson P-A,Eriksson P-O, Lilje M (2007): TheSwedish height system RH 2000 as anational realisation of EVRS. InTorres & Hornik (eds): EUREFPublication No. 16, EUREF, 2006Symposium, June 14-17 2006, pp.65-73, Riga, Latvia.Ågren J, Kiamehr R, Sjöberg L E (2008):Progress in the determination of agravimetric quasigeoid model overSweden. In Knudsen (ed.):Proceedings of the 15 th GeneralMeeting of the Nordic GeodeticCommission. NKG, 15th GeneralAssembly, May 29-June 2 2006,pp. 120-128, Copenhagen,Denmark.Ågren J & Svensson R (2008): Land upliftmodel and system definition used forthe RH 2000 adjustment of the BalticLevelling Ring. In Knudsen (ed.):Proceedings of the 15 th GeneralMeeting of the Nordic GeodeticCommission. NKG, 15th GeneralAssembly, May 29-June 2 2006,pp. 84-92, Copenhagen, Denmark.Ågren J & Svensson R (2008): On theconstruction of the Swedish heightcorrection model SWEN 05LR(abstract). In Knudsen (ed.):Proceedings of the 15 th GeneralMeeting of the Nordic GeodeticCommission. NKG, 15th GeneralAssembly, May 29-June 2 2006, p.129, Copenhagen, Denmark.

32Ågren J, Kiamehr R, Sjöberg L E (2008):Computation of a new gravimetricgeoid model over Sweden using theKTH method. FIG, Working Week2008, June 14-19 2008, 15 pages,Stockholm, Sweden.Ågren J (2010): On the need of improvedgravity data for the computation ofthe next generation of geoid modelsfor Sweden. NKG, 16th GeneralAssembly, September 27-30 2010,Sundvollen, Norway (in press).

33International postersJämtnäs L, Jonsson B, Norin D,Wiklund P (2008): SWEPOSEngberg L E, Alfredsson A, Anderssonpositioning services - status,B, Dahlström F, Kempe C, Lohaszapplications and experiences.G (2010): The process of changingEUGIN, ENC-GNSS 2008, Aprilfrom local systems into SWEREF 9923-25 2008, Toulouse, France.– a challenge for Lantmäteriet and agreat step for the municipalities. Kempe T, Jivall L, Lidberg M (2010):EUREF, 2010 Symposium, June 2- Station calibration of the SWEPOS5 2010, Gävle, Sweden.network. NKG, 16th GeneralAssembly, September 27-30 2010,Engfeldt A, Timmen L, Gitlein O,Sundvollen, Norway.Mäkinen J, Petersen B R, OmangO C D, Wilmes H, Falk R, Müller Lidberg M & Johansson J M (2006):J, Denker H, Bilker-Koivula M,Management of geodetic referenceLysaker D I, Breili K, Strykowskiframes from a Nordic perspective.G, Engen B, Lilje M, Ågren J,NKG, 15th General Assembly,Forsberg R, Scherneck H-G (2006): May 29-June 2 2006, Copenhagen,Observing absolute gravityDenmark.acceleration in the FennoscandianLidberg M, Johansson J M, Scherneckland uplift area. IGFS, 2006H-G, Bergstrand S, Milne G ASymposium, August 28 –(2008): BIFROST: A new andSeptember 1 2006, Istanbul,improved velocity field forTurkey.Fennoscandia – implications forGitlein O, Timmen L, Müller J, Denkermodels of glacial isostatic adjustment.H, Mäkinen J, Bilker-Koivula M,NKG, 15th General Assembly,Pettersen B R, Lysaker D I,May 29-June 2 2006, Copenhagen,Gjevestad J G O, Breili K, WilmesDenmark.H, Falk R, Reinhold A, Hoppe W, Mäkinen J, Engfeldt A, Harsson B G,Scherneck H-G, Omang O C D,Ruotsalainen H, Strykowski G,Engfeldt A, Lilje M, Ågren J,Oja T, Wolf D (2006): TheLidberg M, Strykowski G,Fennoscandian land uplift gravityForsberg R (2008): Observinglines 1966–2005. NKG, 15thabsolute gravity acceleration in theGeneral Assembly, May 29-June 2Fennoscandian land uplift area. IAG, 2006, Copenhagen, Denmark.GGEO 2008 Symposium, June 23-27 2008, Chania, Greece.Mäkinen J, Lilje M, Ågren J, EngsagerK, Eriksson P-O, Jepsen C, OlssonHedling G, Jivall L, Lidberg M &P-A, Saaranen V, Schmidt K,Jonsson B (2008): Rooftop antennaSvensson R, Takalo M, Vestøl Ocalibration field at the National Land(2006): The Baltic levelling ring.Survey of Sweden. IGS 58 , AnalysisIGFS, 2006 Symposium, AugustCenter Workshop 2008, June 2-628-September 1 2006, Istanbul,2008, Miami Beach, USA.Turkey.Mäkinen J, Engfeldt A, Engman L,Harsson B G, Oja T, Rekkedal S,58IGS = International GNSS ServiceRøthing K, Rouhiainen P,

34Ruotsalainen H, Skatt H,May 29-June 2 2006, Copenhagen,Strykowski G, Virtanen H,Denmark.Wieczerkowski K, Wolf D (2010):Ågren J, Svensson R, Olsson P-A,The Fennoscandian land upliftEriksson P-O, Lilje M (2006): Ongravity lines: comparison of observedthe definition of the new Swedishgravity change with observed verticalheight system RH 2000. IGFS, 2006motion and with GIA models. NKG,Symposium, August 28 –16th General Assembly,September 1 2006, Istanbul,September 27-30 2010,Turkey.Sundvollen, Norway.Ågren J, Kiamehr R, Sjöberg L E (2007):Mäkinen J, Engen B, Engfeldt A, Gitlein The Swedish quasigeoid as evaluatedO, Kaminskis J, Klopping F, Oja T, by the method of least squaresParšeliunas E, Pettersen B R,modification with additiveStrykowski G, Wilmes H (2010):corrections. IUGG 60 , XXIV GeneralRepeated absolute gravityAssembly, July 2-13 2007, Perugia,measurements in the FennoscandianItaly.postglacial rebound area: comparisonof gravity change with observedÅgren J (2008): Evaluation of EGM2008vertical motion and with GIA models. and PGM2007A over Sweden. IAG,NKG, 16th General Assembly,GGEO 2008 Symposium, June 23-September 27-30 2010,27 2008, Chania, Greece.Sundvollen, Norway.Norin D, Jonsson B, Wiklund P (2008):SWEPOS and its GNSS-basedpositioning services. FIG, WorkingWeek 2008, June 14-19 2008,Stockholm, Sweden.Scherneck H-G, Lidberg M, Johansson JM, Haas R, Milne G A (2008):Contemporary strain rates inFennoscandia from BIFROST GPS.EGU 59 , General Assembly 2008,April 13-18 2008, Vienna, Austria.Ågren J, Kiamehr R, Sjöberg L E (2006):Progress in the determination of agravimetric quasigeoid model overSweden. NKG, 15th GeneralAssembly, May 29-June 2 2006,Copenhagen, Denmark.Ågren J & Svensson R (2006): On theconstruction of the Swedish heightcorrection model SWEN 05LR.NKG, 15th General Assembly,59EGU = European Geosciences Union60IUGG = International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics

35Swedish journalsnummer 2 april-juni 2008, pp. 36-37.Engberg L E & Lilje M (2008): Byte avreferenssystem i en kommun. KS 61 , Holm H & Norin D (2008): HurKart & Bildteknik, 2008:3, pp. 32-användbart är satellitmätning vid33.husbyggnad?. AB SvenskByggtjänst, AMA-nytt - Hus,Engberg L E & Persson C-G (2010): God1/2008, pp. 58-61.mätsed eller ”Hur man utnyttjartidigare generationers samladeJonsson B (2007): Positionering med exakterfarenheter”. SKMF, Sinus, nr 1noggrannhet. SLF 63 , Nya2010, pp. 8-9 and 23.lantmätaren, 5/07, pp. 18-21.Hedling G (2007): Reserapport frånJonsson B (2008): GPS – ett hjälpmedel förRTCM SC-104-mötet i Fort Worthnavigering och positionsbestämning.2007-09-24/25. RNN 62 , RNNbulletinen,nummer 2/2007, pp.2008, Atlas, pp. 36-37.Projektgruppen för Kartans År6-7.Kempe T (2006): Restfelsmodeller förHedling G (2009): RTCM-formatet.lokala system. SKMF, Sinus, nr 4SKMF, Sinus, nr 2 2009, pp. 16-17. 2006, pp. 18-20.Hedling G (2009): Reserapport frånKempe T (2006): Transformation mellanRTCM SC-104-mötet i Harwich 3-4SWEREF 99 och RT 90. SKMF,februari 2009. RNN, RNN-Sinus, nr 4 2006, pp. 26-27.Bulletinen, 2009-1, pp. 2-3.Kempe T (2009): Införande av SWEREFHedling G (2009): Kort reserapport från99 i kommuner och myndigheter.RTCM SC-104-mötet i Savannah 21-SKMF, Sinus, nr 3 2009, p. 16.22 september 2009. RNN, RNNbulletin, 2 -09, p. 3.Lilje M (2006): LantmäterietsHedling G (2009): Reserapport från ION-absolutgravimeter på plats. SKMF,GNSS 2009 i Savannah. RNN,Sinus, nr 4 2006, p. 12.RNN bulletin, 2 -09, pp. 4-5.Lilje M (2006): Lantmäteriet investerar iHedling G (2010): GLONASS i RTK-två gravimetrar. KS, Kart &mätning. RNN, RNN bulletin, nrBildteknik, 2006:3, p. 11.1-2010, pp. 2-6.Lilje M (2007): SKMF och KIF går ihop.Hedling G (2010): Rapport från RTCM-KIF 64 , Kartlagt, 4 2007, p. 5.SC104-mötet i Gävle 3-4 februari2010. RNN, RNN bulletin, nr 1- Lilje M (2008): Lantmäteriets Geodetiska2010, pp. 7-8.Arkiv och dess tillgänglighet viaInternet. SKMF, Sinus, nr 1 2008,Holm H & Norin D (2008):pp. 27-29.Satellitmätning - tveksamt vidhusbyggnad. AB SvenskLilje M , Ågren J, Engfeldt A, Olsson P-Byggtjänst, Bygginfo PM,A (2008): Ett år med en61KS = Kartografiska Sällskapet (Swedish Cartographic63Society)SLF = Sveriges Lantmätareförening62RNN = Radionavigeringsnämnden64KIF = Kartteknisk Intresseförening

36absolutgravimeter. SKMF, Sinus, nr2 2008, pp. 11-14.Lilje M (2008): KIF MätKart 08 – enåterblick. SKMF, Sinus, nr 3 2008,pp. 6-7.Lilje M (2008): FIG WORKING WEEK2008 – en svensk succé av SLF.SKMF, Sinus, nr 3 2008, pp. 12-13.Lilje M (2008): Lantmäteriets GeodetiskaArkiv och dess tillgänglighet viaInternet. KS, Kart & Bildteknik,2008:3, pp. 14-16.Lysell G & Lithén T (2009): SweDEM –ny nationell höjdmodell. KS, Kart &Bildteknik, 2009:1, pp. 32-35.Malm B-L (2008): Geodetiska mätningarviktiga för klimatforskningen.Projektgruppen för Kartans År2008, Atlas, pp. 24-25.Norin D (2007): Satellitsystem förkartläggning och dess status. KS,Kart & Bildteknik, 2007:3, pp. 13-19.Norin D (2007): Noteringar från 2007 årsCGSIC-möte. RNN, RNNbulletinen,nummer 2/2007, pp.2-3. Also in SKMF, Sinus, nr 12008, pp. 4-6.Norin D, Johnsson F, Wallerström M,Halvardsson D, Johansson J,Magni I (2007): Tre genomfördaexamensarbeten inom GNSSområdet.KS, Kart & Bildteknik,2007:4, pp. 24-28.en noggrannhetsundersökning.SKMF, Sinus, nr 3 2009, pp. 13-15.Olsson A (2006): Historiskt byte avreferenssystem Lantmäteriet införSWEREF 99. SKMF, Sinus, nr 42006, p. 15.Persson C-G (2010): GUM, en guide föratt uttrycka mätosäkerhet. SKMF,Sinus, nr 1 2010, pp. 26-27. Also inKS, Kart & Bildteknik, 2010:1, pp.22-23.Wennström H-F (2006): En geodetiskgradmätning är Sveriges nyavärldsarv. SKMF, Sinus, nr 1 2006,pp. 4-5.Wennström H-F (2008): Ett världsarv avtriangelpunkter. Projektgruppenför Kartans År 2008, Atlas, p. 28.Ågren J, Svensson R, Lilje M (2006):SWEN 05LR – en ny nationellgeoidmodell. SKMF, Sinus, nr 12006, pp. 7-9.Ågren J (2009): De nya svenskageoidmodellerna SWEN08_RH2000och SWEN08_RH70. KS, Kart &Bildteknik, 2009:2, pp. 11-13.Öberg S (2010): SWEPOS Nätverks-RTKtjänst– nuläge och framtid. RNN,RNN bulletin, nr 1-2010, p. 9.Norin D (2008): 30 år sedan den förstaGPS-satelliten och systemet levervidare. KS, Kart & Bildteknik,2008:3, pp. 10-13.Odolinski R & Sunna J (2009):Detaljmätning med nätverks-RTK –

37Swedish conference proceedingsand compilation worksAndersson B (2007): Projektsammanfattningav RIX 95 samtLantmäteriets officiellatransformationer. In Nilsson (ed.):Dokumentation, SKMF, MätKart07, May 9-11 2007, pp. 4a:2:1-4a:2:4, Uppsala.Andersson B (2008): Lantmäterietsfunderingar kring de kommunalastomnäten. In Nilsson (ed.):Program Dokumentation, KIF-SKMF, KIF MätKart 08, May 21-23 2008, pp. 2b:1:1-2b:1:2, Lund.Andersson B (2008): Förändrade planastomnät och nya geodetiskainstrument. In Halling (ed.):Kartan i våra hjärtan, KS, pp. 183-192, Gävle. Also in SKMF, Sinus,nr 2 2009, pp. 12-14 (with the titleDe plan geodetiska stomnätensförändringar och utvecklingen avgeodetiska instrument).Andersson R (2007): Markbundenlaserskanning, idéer ochanvändningsområden. In Nilsson(ed.): Dokumentation, SKMF,MätKart 07, May 9-11 2007, pp.6a:2:1-6a:2:3, Uppsala. Also inSKMF, Sinus, nr 1 2008, pp. 22-23.Engberg L E (2008): Geodetiskverksamhet. In Ottoson (ed.):Sveriges kartläggning - tillägg1998-2007, KS, pp. 22-37, Gävle.Engberg L E, Eriksson P-O & Lilje M(2008): Byte av referenssystem inomen kommun. In Nilsson (ed.):Program Dokumentation, KIF-SKMF, KIF MätKart 08, May 21-23 2008, pp. 6a:1:1-6a:1:7, Lund.Engfeldt A (2009): SWEPOS ® -relateradeexamensarbeten 2008. In Elfström(ed.): Program/Dokumentation,SKMF, MätKart 09, May 13-152009, pp. 74-76, Borlänge.Engfeldt A (2010): Statisk höjdmätningmot SWEPOS. In Elfström (ed.):Program Dokumentation, SKMF,MätKart 10, May 19-21 2010, pp.47-50, Kalmar.Eriksson P-O (2009): Anslutning av lokalahöjdnät till RH 2000 med GNSS –går det? In Elfström (ed.):Program/Dokumentation, SKMF,MätKart 09, May 13-15 2009, pp.57-59, Borlänge.Eriksson P-O (2010): Anslutning av lokalahöjdnät till RH2000 med GNSSstommätning.In Elfström (ed.):Program Dokumentation, SKMF,MätKart 10, May 19-21 2010, pp.44-46, Kalmar.Jonsson B (2008): Utökat täckningsområdeför SWEPOS Nätverks-RTK-tjänst.In Nilsson (ed.): ProgramDokumentation, KIF-SKMF, KIFMätKart 08, May 21-23 2008, p.5a:1:1, Lund.Kempe C & Eriksson P-O (2007):Lantmäteriets arbete med kommunalaplan- och höjdsystem. In Nilsson(ed.): Dokumentation, SKMF,MätKart 07, May 9-11 2007, pp.5a:1:1-5a:1:6, Uppsala.Klang D(2007): Lokala och nationellahöjdmodeller. In Nilsson (ed.):Dokumentation, SKMF, MätKart07, May 9-11 2007, pp. 5b:3:1-5b:3:11 Uppsala. Also in GINorden, 3D-GIS, March 4-5,Stockholm.Klang D & Ågren J (2008): Insamling avgeografiska data. In Harrie (ed.):GeografiskInformationsbehandling – teori,

38metoder och tillämpningar,Formas, 4:e omarbetade upplagan,pp. 89-115, Stockholm.Lidberg M (2008): Våra geodetiskareferenssystems hållbarhet. InNilsson (ed.): ProgramDokumentation, KIF-SKMF, KIFMätKart 08, May 21-23 2008, pp.1b:1:1-1b:1:9, Lund.Lohász G (2009): Att mäta tyngdkraftenriktigt noggrant – vad är det bra för?In Elfström (ed.):Program/Dokumentation, SKMF,MätKart 09, May 13-15 2009, pp.22-25, Borlänge.Lysell G & Lithén T (2009): SweDEM –ny nationell höjdmodell. In Elfström(ed.): Program/Dokumentation,SKMF, MätKart 09, May 13-152009, pp. 37-43, Borlänge.Norin D (2007): Nuläget vad gäller GPS,Galileo och GLONASS. In Nilsson(ed.): Dokumentation, SKMF,MätKart 07, May 9-11 2007, pp.2a:1:1-2a:1:7, Uppsala.Odolinski R (2009): Anslutning av lokalahöjdnät till RH 2000 med GNSS –går det? In Elfström (ed.):Program/Dokumentation, SKMF,MätKart 09, May 13-15 2009, pp.57-59, Borlänge.Wennström H-F (2008): Gradmätmingar.In Årsboken Ymer – 2008 Kartanoch verkligheten, SSAG 65 , pp. 140-155, Stockholm.Ågren J (2008): Gravimetri och dess rollför att ta fram en landhöjningsmodell.In Nilsson (ed.): ProgramDokumentation, KIF-SKMF, KIFMätKart 08, May 21-23 2008, pp.1b:2:1-1b:2:9, Lund.Ågren J & Hauska H (2008):Referenssystem och kartprojektioner.In Harrie (ed.): GeografiskInformationsbehandling – teori,metoder och tillämpningar,Formas, 4:e omarbetade upplagan,pp. 67-87, Stockholm.Ågren J (2009): De nya svenskageoidmodellerna SWEN08_RH2000och SWEN08_RH70. In Elfström(ed.): Program/Dokumentation,SKMF, MätKart 09, May 13-152009, pp. 53-56, Borlänge.Öberg S (2007): Kortmanual för mätningmed SWEPOS Nätverks-RTK-tjänst.In Nilsson (ed.): Dokumentation,SKMF, MätKart 07, May 9-112007, pp. 3a:2:1-3a:2:2, Uppsala.Odolinski (2010): Checklista för nätverks-RTK. In Elfström (ed.): ProgramDokumentation, SKMF, MätKart10, May 19-21 2010, pp. 51-53,Kalmar.Persson C-G (2010): Nya HMK. InElfström (ed.): ProgramDokumentation, SKMF, MätKart10, May 19-21 2010, pp. 61-63,Kalmar.65SSAG = Swedish Society for Anthropology andGeography

39Other publicationsEkman M & Ågren J (2009): A study ofTycho Brahe’s astronomical latitudedetermination of Uranienborg usingsatellite positioning and defections ofthe vertical. Summer Institute forHistorical Geophysics, SmallPublications in HistoricalGeophysics, No 18, Åland Islands.Ekman M & Ågren J (2010): Reanalysingastronomical coordinates of oldfundamental observatories usingsatellite positioning and deflections ofthe vertical. Summer Institute forHistorical Geophysics, SmallPublications in HistoricalGeophysics, No 21, Åland Islands.Also in NKG, 16th GeneralAssembly, September 27-30 2010,Sundvollen, Norway (in press).Lidberg M (2007): Geodetic referenceframes in presence of crustaldeformations. Chalmers Universityof Technology,Doktorsavhandlingar vidChalmers tekniska högskola Nyserie Nr 2705, Gothenburg,Sweden.Olsson P-A & Ekman M (2009): Crustalloading and gravity change duringthe greatest storm flood in the BalticSea. Summer Institute forHistorical Geophysics, SmallPublications in HistoricalGeophysics, No 19, Åland Islands.

40List of published geodetic papers 2006-2010Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)Abdollahzadeh M., Eshagh M. andNajafi-Alamdari M. (2009) ASemi-Vectorization Algorithm toSynthesis of GravitationalAnomaly Quantities on the Earth'sSurface, EGU General Assembly2009.Bagherbandi M., Eshagh M. andSjöberg L.E. (2009) Multi-objectiveversus single-objective models ingeodetic network optimization,Nordic J Surv. Re. St. 6(1):7-20.Daras I., Fan H., Papazissi K. andFairhead J.D. (2008)Determination of a gravimetricgeoid model of Greece using themethod of KTH. IAG GGEO 2008Symposium, June 23-27 June 2008,Chania, Greece.Eshagh M. (2008) Non-singularexpressions for vector andgradient tensor of gravitation in ageocentric spherical frame, Com.& Geosci. 32 : 1762-1768.Eshagh M. (2009) Impact ofvectorization in global synthesisand analysis in gradiometry, ActaGeod. Geophys. Hung. 44(3):1-20.Eshagh M. (2009) The effect of lateraldensity variation of crustal andtopographic masses on GOCEgradiometric data: A study in Iranand Fennoscandia, Acta Geod.Geophys. Hung. 44(4): 399-418.Eshagh M. (2009) The effect of polargaps on the solutions ofgradiometric boundary valueproblems, Art. Sat. 43(3): 97-108.Eshagh M. (2009) Spherical harmonicsexpansion of the atmosphericgravitational potential based onexponential and power models ofatmosphere, Art. Sat. 43(1):25-43.Eshagh M. (2009) Alternativeexpressions for gravity gradientsin local north-oriented frame andtensor spherical harmonics, ActaGeophys. 58: 215-243.Eshagh M. (2009) Contribution of 1st-3rd order terms of a binomialexpansion of topographic heightsin topographic and atmosphericeffects on satellite gravitygradiometric data, Art. Sat. 44(1):21-31.Eshagh M. (2009) Least-squaresmodification of Stokes' formulawith EGM08, Geod. & Cart., 35 (4): 111-117.Eshagh M. (2009) Complementarystudies in Satellite GravityGradiometry, Post-doctoral reportin Geodesy, TRITA-TEC-RR 09-006, 388 p. Royal Institute ofTechnology (KTH), Stockholm,Sweden. (ISSN:1653-4484, ISBN:13: 978-91-85539-47-5).Eshagh M. (2009) Optimal combinationof integral solutions ofgradiometric boundary valueproblem, EGU General Assembly2009.Eshagh M. (2009) On the convergenceof spherical harmonic expansionof topographic and atmospheric

41biases in gradiometry, Contr.Geophys. Geod. 39(4): 273-299.Eshagh M. (2009) Least-squaresmodification and satellite gravitygradiometry, The VII Hotine-Marussi Symposium, 6-10th July2009, Faculty of EngineeringChiostro of the Basilica of S. Pietroin Vincoli, Rome, Italy.Eshagh M. (2009) Orbit Integration innon-inertial frames, J Earth &Space Phys., 35(1):1-8.Eshagh M. (2010) Variance componentestimation in linear ill-posedproblems: TSVD issue, Acta Geod.Geophys. Hung. 45: 184-194.Eshagh M. (2010) Comparison of twoapproaches for consideringlaterally varying density intopographic effect on satellitegravity gradiometric data, ActaGeophys., 58(4):661-686.Eshagh M. (2010) Least-squaresmodification of extended Stokes'formula and its second-orderradial derivative for validation ofsatellite gravity gradiometry data,J Geodyn. 49:92-104.Eshagh M. (2010) Optimal combinationof integral solutions ofgradiometric boundary valueproblem using variancecomponent estimation in the Earthgravitational modelling, Earth,Planets and Space, 62(5): 437-448.Eshagh M. (2010) Inversion of gravitygradients for determination ofgravity anomaly in the polar gaps,Acta Geod. Geophys. Hung.(Accepted).Eshagh M. (2010) Towards validation ofsatellite gradiometric data usingmodified version of 2nd orderpartial derivatives of extendedStokes’ formula, Art. Sat. 44(4):103-129.Eshagh M. (2010) On integral approachto regional gravity field modellingfrom satellite gradiometric data,Acta Geophysica (in press).Eshagh M. (2010) Spatially restrictedintegrals in gradiometricboundary value problems, Art.Sat. 44(4): 131-148.Eshagh M. (2010) Error calibration ofquasi-geoid, normal andellipsoidal heights of Swedenusing variance componentestimation, Contr. Geophys. Geod.40(1): 1-30.Eshagh M. (2010) Inversion of satellitegradiometry data usingstatistically modified integralformulas for local gravity fieldrecovery, Adv. Space Res. (inpress).Eshagh M. and Abdollahzadeh M.(2009) The effect of geopotentialperturbations of GOCE on itsobservations: A numerical study,Acta. Geod. Geophys. Hung. 44(4): 385-398.Eshagh M. and Abdollahzadeh M.(2010) Semi-vectorization: anefficient technique for synthesisand analysis of gravitygradiometry data, Earth Sci. Inf. 3:149-158.Eshagh M., Abdollahzadeh M. andNajafi-Alamdari M. (2009)Simplification of geopotentialperturbing force acting on asatellite, Art. Sat. 43(2): 45-64.

42Eshagh M. and Kiamehr R. (2007) AStrategy for Optimum Designingof the Geodetic Networks fromthe Cost, Reliability and PrecisionViews, Acta Geod. Geophys.Hung. 42(3) : 297-308.Eshagh M. and Najafi-Alamdari M.(2007) Perturbations in orbitalelements of a low Earth Orbiting(LEO) satellite, J. Earth & SpacePhys., 33(1) : 1-12.Eshagh M. and Sjöberg, L.E. (2009)Topographic and atmosphericeffects on GOCE gradiomeric datain local north oriented frame: Acase study in Fennoscandia andIran, Stud. Geophys. Geod. 53:61-80.Eshagh M. and Sjöberg L.E. (2008)Impact of Topography andatmosphere over Iran onvalidation and inversion of GOCEgradiometric data, J Earth & SpacePhys., 34 (3) : 15-30.Eshagh M. and Sjöberg L.E. (2008) Themodified best quadratic unbiasednon-negative estimator(MBQUNE) of variancecomponents, Stud. Geophy. Geod.52 :305-320.Eshagh M. and Sjöberg L. E. (2009)Atmospheric effects on satellitegravity gradiometry data, JGeodynamics, 47:9-19.Eshagh M. and Sjöberg L. E. (2009)Satellite Gravity Gradiometry: Anapproach to high resolutiongravity field modeling from space.VDM verlag, 244 p., ISBN-13 : 978-3639203509.Eshagh M., Sjöberg L. E. and KiamehrR. (2007) Evaluation of robusttechniques in suppressing theimpact of outliers in adeformation monitoring network -A case study on the Tehran Miladtower network, Acta Geod.Geophys. Hunga., 42(4) : 449-463.Fan H. (2006) 3-Dimensionalcoordinate transformation withlarge rotations and scale change.Presented at the InternationalWorkshop on GeospatialInformation Technology, 27-28October 2006. TechnicalUniversity of Moldova, Chisinau.Fan H. (2009) Direct solution of 3Dcoordinate transformationparameters. Presented at theInternational Congress Geo-Siberia 2009, Novosibirsk, Russia,April 23-26, 2009.Horemuz M. (2009). Infrastructure fornavigation in urban and indoorareas – feasibility study. Reportfrom research project rupportedby Stiftelsen J Gust Richert.Jacoby W. R., Hartmann O., Wallner H.,Smilde P. L., Buerger S., Sjöberg L.E., Erlingsson S., Wolf D.,Klemann V. and Sasgen I. (2009)Temporal gravity variations nearshrinking Vatnajökull ice cap,Iceland, Pure appl. geophys.166:1283-1302.Kiamehr R. (2007) A new height datumfor Iran based on the combinationof gravimetric and geometricgeoid models, Acta Geod.Geophys. Hung. 42:69-81.Kiamehr R. (2007) Qualification andrefinement of the gravity databasebased on cross-validationapproach-A case study of Iran,Acta Geod. Geophys Hung.42:285-295.

43Kiamehr R. and Eshagh M. (2008)Estimation of variancecomponents Ellipsoidal, Geoidaland orthometrical heights, J Earth& Space Phys., 34(3) : 1-13.Kiamehr R. and Eshagh M. (2008)EGMlab, a scientific software fordetermining the gravity andgradient components from globalgeopotential models, Earth Sci.Inf. 1 : 93-103.Kiamehr R., Eshagh M. and Sjöberg LE,(2008) Interpretation of thegeneral geophysical patterns ofIran based on the gradientcomponents analysis of theGRACE , Acta Geophys., 56(2) :440-454.Kiamehr R. and Sjöberg L.E. (2010) Anoptimum way to determine aprecise gravimetric geoid basedon the least-squares modificationof Stokes’ formula-A case study ofSweden, Acta Geod. Geophys.Hung. 45:148-164.Sjöberg L. E. (2007) The topographicbias by analytical continuation inphysical geodey. J Geod. 81:345-350.Sjöberg L. E. (2007) Precisedetermination of the Clairautconstant in ellipsoidal geodesy.Surv. Rev. 39:81-86.Sjöberg L. E. (2007) Answers to thecomments by M. Vermeer on L.E.Sjöberg (2007) The topographicbias by analytical continuation inphysical geodesy. J Geod. 81:345-350.Sjöberg L. E. (2008) A stricttransformation from Cartesian toGeodetic coordinate, Surv. Rev.40:156-163.Sjöberg L.E. (2008) Geodeticintersection on the ellipsoid, JGeod, 82:565-567.Sjöberg L.E. (2008) New solutions toclassical geodetic problems on theellipsoid. In M Sideris (Ed.):Observing our changing Earth.IAG Symposia Vol. 133:781-784.Sjöberg L.E. (2009) The terraincorrection in gravimetric geoidcomputation-is it needed?Geophys. J. Int. 176:14-18.Sjöberg L.E. (2009) On the topographicbias in geoid determination by theexternal gravity field, J Geod.83:967-972.Sjöberg L. E. (2009) Solving Vening-Meinesz-Moritz inverse problemin isostasy, Geophys. J. Int. 179:1527-1536.Sjöberg L.E. (2010) Solving thetopographic potential bias as aninitial value problem, Art. Sat.44(3): 75-84.Sjöberg L. E. (2010) A strict formula forgeoid-to-quasigeoid separation, JGeod (in press).Sjöberg L.E. and Eshagh M. (2009) Ageoid solution for airborne gravitydata, Stud. Geophys. Geod. 53:359-374.Sjöberg L.E. and Eshagh M. (2010)Considering data gaps in geoidmodelling by modifying Stokes'sformula, Acta Geod. Geophys.Hung. 45:165-183.Ågren J., Sjöberg L.E. and Kiamehr R.(2009) The new gravimetricquasigeoid model KTH08 overSweden, J. Applied Geod.3(3):143-153.

Ågren J., Kiamehr R. and Sjöberg L.E.(2008) Computation of a newgravimetric geoid model overSweden using the KTH method.Paper presented at FIG workingweek, 14-18 June, Stockholm,Sweden.44

45List of published geodetic papers 2006-2010Chalmers University of Technology and Onsala SpaceObservatory2006Bergstrand Sten (2006): GPS forGeophysics: Glacial IsostaticAdjustment and Tests ofIonospheric Models. ISBN 91-7291-721-0 Göteborg: ChalmersUniversity of Technology(Doktorsavhandlingar vidChalmers tekniska högskola. Nyserie 2403).Edh A & Haas Rüdiger (2006): CrustalDeformation in South Americafrom GPS and VLBI. InternationalVLBI Service for Geodesy andAstrometry, 2006 GeneralMeeting, Proceedings / Behrend,D & Baver, K, NASA, pp 356-360.Granström Camilla (2006): Site-Dependent Effects in High-Accuracy Applications of GNSS .Göteborg: Chalmers University ofTechnology (Technical report L -Department of Radio and SpaceScience, Chalmers University ofTechnology, Göteborg, Sweden13L).Haas Rüdiger (2006): InvestigatingHigh-Frequency Earth OrientationVariations with ContinuousGeodetic VLBI Campaigns.International VLBI Service forGeodesy and Astrometry, 2006General Meeting Proceedings /Behrend, D & Baver, K, pp. 316-319.Haas Rüdiger & Scherneck Hans-Georg(2006): The IVS Analysis Center atthe Onsala Space Observatory.IVS 2005 Annual Report, NASA,pp. 260-263.Haas Rüdiger & Wünsch, Johann(2006): Sub-diurnal earth rotationvariations from the VLBI CONT02campaign. Journal ofGeodynamics, 41 pp. 94-99.Haas Rüdiger & Elgered Gunnar (2006):The IVS Network Station OnsalaSpace Observatory. IVS 2005Annual Report, NASA, pp. 111-114.Hernandez Daniel & Haas Rüdiger(2006): GPS on the VLBITelescopes at Onsala and Ny-Ålesund. IVS 2006 GeneralMeeting Proceedings, NASA, pp.167-171.Lidberg Martin & Johansson Jan M(2006): A new GPS derivedvelocity field of the postglacialadjustment in Fennoscandia, andits implications for themaintenance of the Europeangeodetic reference frame. In:Report of the Symposium of theIAG Sub commission for Europe(EUREF) held in Vienna, 1-4 June2005, J A Torres & H Hornik(eds.), EUREF Publication No. 15,pp. 102-107.Nilsson Tobias, Elgered Gunnar,Gradinarsky, L (2006):Characterizing AtmosphericTurbulence and InstrumentalNoise Using Two Simultaneously

46Operating MicrowaveRadiometers. Proc. 9:th SpecialistMeeting on MicrowaveRadiometry and Remote SensingApplications, MicroRad 2006, pp.270- 275.Nilsson Tobias, Elgered Gunnar, HaasRüdiger (2006): The IVSTechnology Development Centerat the Onsala Space Observatory.IVS 2005 Annual Report, NASA,pp 294-297.Nilsson Tobias & Gradinarsky L (2006):Water Vapor Tomography UsingGPS Phase Observations:Simulation Results. IEEE Trans. onGeosci. and Rem. Sens., 44 (10) pp.2927-2941.Snajdrova Kristyna, Böhm Johannes,Willis Pascal, Haas Rüdiger,Schuh Harald (2006): Multitechniquecomparison oftropospheric zenith delaysderived during the CONT02campaign. Journal of Geodesy, 79(10-11 ) pp 613-623.Timmen Ludger, Gitlein Olga, MüllerJürgen, Denker Heiner, MäkinenJaakko, Bilker Mirjam, PettersenBjørn Ragnvald, Lysaker Dagny I,Omang Ove Christian Dahl,Svendsen J G G, Wilmes Herbert,Falk, Reinhard, Reinhold Andreas,Hoppe W, Scherneck Hans-Georg,Engen Bjørn, Harsson Bjørn Geirr,Engfeldt Andreas, Lilje Mikael,Strykowski Gabriel, ForsbergRené (2006): ObservingFennoscandian Gravity Change byAbsolute Gravimetry.International Association ofGeodesy Symposia, Vol. 131,Geodetic DeformationMonitoring: From Geophysical toEngineering Roles, pp 193-199.Wresnik J, Böhm J, Haas Rüdiger,Schuh H (2006): ThermalDeformation of Radio TelescopesOnsala and Wettzell. InternationalVLBI Service for Geodesy andAstrometry, 2006 General MeetingProceedings / Behrend D & BaverK, pp. 300-303.2007Bergstrand Sten, Scherneck Hans-Georg, Lidberg Martin, JohanssonJan M (2007): BIFROST: Noiseproperties of GPS time series. in"Dynamic Planet: Monitoring andUnderstanding a Dynamic Planetwith Geodetic and OceanographicTools", IAG Symposium, Cairns,Australia, 22-26 August, 2005,Series: International Associationof Geodesy Symposia , Vol. 130,Tregoning Paul & Rizos Chris(Eds.), Springer. 130 pp. 123-130.Ebenhag Sven-Christian, Jaldehag R TKenneth, Hedekvist Per Olof,Emardson T Ragne, Jarlemark PerO J, Rieck Carsten, NilssonMattias, Johansson Jan M, PendrillLeslie, Löthberg Peter, NilssonHåkan (2007): Time transfer usingan asynchronous computernetwork: Results from threeweeks of measurements.European Frequency and TimeForum, 29/5 - 1/6, Geneva,Switzerland.Haas Rüdiger, Hagström Magne,Nilsson Tobias, Elgered Gunnar,(2007): The IVS TechnologyDevelopment Center at the OnsalaSpace Observatory. InternationalVLBI Service for Geodesy andAstrometry, 2006 Annual Report,edited by D Behrend & K Baver,NASA, pp. 263-265.

47Haas Rüdiger, Scherneck Hans-Georg,Nilsson Tobias (2007): The IVSAnalysis Center at the OnsalaSpace Observatory. InternationalVLBI Service for Geodesy andAstrometry, 2006Annual Report,edited by D Behrend & K Baver,NASA, pp. 224-227.Haas Rüdiger, Wager Jan, Mujunen Ari,Ritakari Jouko, Müskens Arno,Dulfer Christian, BertariniAlessandra (2007): VLBI datatransfer from Onsala andMetsähovi to the Bonn correlator.Proceedings of the 18th EuropeanVLBI for Geodesy and AstrometryWorking Meeting, edited by JBöhm, A.Pany, H Schuh,GeowissenschaftlicheMitteilungen, Schriftenreihe derStudienrichtung Vermessung undGeoinformation, TechnischeUniversität Wien, (79) pp. 27-32.Haas Rüdiger & Elgered Gunnar (2007):The IVS Network Station OnsalaSpace Observatory. InternationalVLBI Service for Geodesy andAstrometry, 2006 Annual Report,edited by D Behrend & K Baver,NASA, pp. 81-84.Jakobson E, Ohvril H, Elgered Gunnar(2007): Diurnal variability ofprecipitable water in the Balticregion. Proceedings of the FifthStudy Conference on BALTEX,Ed. H J Isemer, InternationalBALTEX Secretariat, GKSSResearch Center, Geesthacht,Germany, (38) pp. 119-120.Lidberg Martin, Johansson Jan M,Scherneck Hans-Georg, Davis J L(2007): An improved andextended GPS-derived 3D velocityfield of the glacial isostatic.Journal of Geodesy, 81 (3) pp. 213-230.Lidberg Martin (2007): GeodeticReference Frames in Presence ofCrustal Deformations. ChalmersUniversity of Technology,(Doktorsavhandlingar vidChalmers tekniska högskola. Nyserie ) [Doktorsavhandling] [Nr.51612].Moya Espinosa Michael & HaasRüdiger (2007): SATTRACK - ASatellite Tracking Module for theVLBI Field System. Proceedings ofthe 18th European VLBI forGeodesy and AstrometryWorking Meeting, edited by JBöhm, A Pany, H Schuh,GeowissenschaftlicheMitteilungen, Schriftenreihe derStudienrichtung Vermessung undGeoinformation, TechnischeUniversität Wien, (79) pp. 53-58.Nilsson Tobias, Gradinarsky Lubomir,Elgered Gunnar (2007):Measurements of AtmosphericScintillations Induced by WaterVapor. Proceedings of the SeventhInternational Conference onElectromagnetic Wave Interactionwith Water and Moist SubstancesISEMA 2007, Ed. Seichi Okamura.pp. 259-264.Nilsson Tobias, Gradinarsky, Lubomir,Elgered Gunnar (2007): Watervapour tomography using GPSphase observations: Results fromthe ESCOMPTE experiment.Tellus, 59A pp. 674-682.Nilsson Tobias, Haas, Rüdiger, ElgeredGunnar (2007): Simulations ofatmospheric path delays usingturbulence models. Proceedings ofthe 18th European VLBI for

48Geodesy and AstrometryWorking Meeting, edited by JBöhm, A Pany, H Schuh,GeowissenschaftlicheMitteilungen, Schriftenreihe derStudienrichtung Vermessung undGeoinformation, TechnischeUniversität Wien, (79) pp. 175-180.Nilsson Tobias, Elgered, Gunnar,Johansson Jan M, Lidberg Martin(2007): Estimating Climate TrendsUsing GPS. Proceedings of theFifth Study Conference onBALTEX, Ed. H J Isemer,International BALTEX Secretariat,GKSS Research Center,Geesthacht, Germany, (38) pp. 15-16.Nothnagel Axel, Cho Jung-Ho, RoyAlan, Haas Rüdiger (2007): WVRcalibration applied to EuropeanVLBI observing sessions. in"Dynamic Planet: Monitoring andUnderstanding a Dynamic Planetwith Geodetic and OceanographicTools", IAG Symposium, Cairns,Australia, 22-26 August, 2005,Series: International Associationof Geodesy Symposia , Vol. 130,Tregoning Paul & Rizos, Chris(Eds.), Springer, 130 pp. 152-157.Poutanen Markku, Knudsen Per, LiljeMikael, Nørbech Torbjørn, PlagHans-Peter, Scherneck Hans-Georg (2007): The NordicGeodetic Observing System(NGOS). International Associationof Geodesy Symposia, DynamicPlanet. pp. 749-756.Pramualsakdikul Surat (2007): GPSMeasurements of AtmosphericWater Vapour in a Low-LatitudeRegion. Göteborg: ChalmersUniversity of Technology.(Technical report L - Departmentof Radio and Space Science,Chalmers University ofTechnology, Göteborg, Sweden18L).Pramualsakdikul Surat, Haas Rüdiger,Elgered Gunnar, Scherneck Hans-Georg (2007): Sensing of diurnaland semi-diurnal variability in thewater vapour content in thetropics using GPS measurements.Meteorological Applications, 14(4) pp. 403-412.Stoew Borys, Nilsson Tobias, ElgeredGunnar, Jarlemark Per O J (2007):Temporal correlations ofatmospheric mapping functionerrors in GPS data analysis.Journal of Geodesy, 81 (5) pp. 311-323.Wresnik Jörg, Haas Rüdiger, BöhmJohannes, Schuh Harald (2007):Modeling thermal deformation ofVLBI antennas with a newtemperature model. Journal ofGeodesy, 81 (6-8) pp. 433-441.2008Behrend Dirk, Böhm Johannes, CharlotPatrick, Clark Tom, Corey Brian,Gipson John, Haas Rüdiger,Koyama Yasuhiro, MacMillanDaniel, Malkin Zinovy, NiellArthur, Nilsson Tobias,Petrachenko Bill, Rogers A E E,Tuccari Gino, Wresnik Jörg (2008):Recent Progress in the VLBI2010Development. in Proceedings ofthe 2007 IAG General Assembly,Perugia, Italy, July 2-13, 2007, ed.M Sideris, Springer, 133 (Part 5)pp. 833-840.Elgered Gunnar, Nilsson, Tobias,Willén U (2008): Assessment ofusing GNSS for the monitoring of

49the atmospheric water vapourcontent over long time scales.Proceedings of: 1st ColloquiumScientific and FundamentalAspects of the GalileoProgramme, 1-4 October, 2007,Cité de l'Espace, Toulouse, France,Final Proceedings, ESA.Emardson R, Hedekvist Per Olof,Nilsson M, Ebenhag Sven-Christian, Jaldehag R T K,Jarlemark P, Rieck Carsten,Johansson Jan M, Pendrill L,Löhtberg P, Nilsson H (2008):Time Transfer by PassiveListening Over a 10-Gb/s OpticalFiber. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ONINSTRUMENTATION ANDMEASUREMENT, 57 (11) pp.2495-2501.Garcia Espada Susana, Haas, Rüdiger,Colomer Sanmartin Francisco(2008): Space Geodesy at Yebes:Station Motion from VLBI andGPS. In Proceedings of the 5th IVSGeneral Meeting "Measuring thefuture", eds A Finkelstein, DBehrend, pp. 93-97.Haas Rüdiger, Scherneck Hans-Georg,Nilsson Tobias (2008): The IVSAnalysis Center at the OnsalaSpace Observatory. InternationalVLBI Service for Geodesy andAstrometry, 2007Annual Report,edited by D Behrend & K Baver,NASA, pp. 228-231.Haas Rüdiger, Hagström Magne,Gunnarsson Lars-Göran,Johansson Karl-Åke, PantaleevMiroslav, Elgered Gunnar (2008):The IVS Technology DevelopmentCenter at the Onsala SpaceObservatory. International VLBIService for Geodesy andAstrometry, 2007 Annual Report,edited by D Behrend & K Baver,NASA, pp. 261-263.Haas Rüdiger & Elgered Gunnar (2008):The IVS Network Station OnsalaSpace Observatory. InternationalVLBI Service for Geodesy andAstrometry, 2007Annual Report,edited by D Behrend & K. Baver,NASA, pp. 82-85.Haas Rüdiger, Wagner Jan, RitakariJouko, Mujunen Ari, SekidoMamoru, Takiguchi Hiroshi,Koyama Yasuhiro, KondoTetsuro, Kurihara Shinobu,Tanimoto Daisuke, PoutanenMarkku (2008): Report on theFennoscandian-Japanese Projectfor Near Real-Time UT1-Obserations With E-VLBI.Proceedings of "Journées 2007,Systemes de Référence Spatio -Temporels", Paris, 17-19September 2007, edited by NicoleCapitaine, pp. 214-215.Haas Rüdiger (2008): Geodetic VLBI inNorthern Europe - Status andVision. Proceedings of the 15thGeneral Meeting of the NordicGeodetic Commission, edited byPer Knudsen, pp. 218-221.Lidberg Martin, Johansson Jan M,Scherneck Hans-Georg, MilneGlenn A, Davis James L (2008):New Results Based onReprocessing of 13 yearsContinuous GPS Observations ofthe Fennoscandia GIA Processfrom BIFROST. InternationalAssociation of Geodesy Symposia(Vol. 133), M G Sideris (ed.):Observing our Changing Earth.pp. 557-568.Lidberg Martin, Johansson Jan M,Scherneck, Hans-Georg (2008):

50Geodetic reference frames in thepresence of crustal deformations -with focus on Nordic conditions.Report on the symposium of theIAG sub commission for Europe(EUREF), Riga, June 14-17, 2006,eds. J A Torres & H Hornik,EUREF publication no. 16, pp.189-198.Nilsson Tobias (2008): Measuring andmodelling variations in thedistribution of atmospheric watervapour using GPS. Göteborg:Chalmers University ofTechnology, Doktorsavhandlingarvid Chalmers tekniska högskola,Ny serie 2745).Nilsson Tobias (2008): Improving GNSStropospheric tomography bybetter knowledge of atmosphericturbulence. Proceedings of 1 stColloquium Scientific andFundamental Aspects of theGalileo Programme, 1-4 October,2007, Cité de l'Espace, Toulouse,France, Final Proceedings, ESA,Nilsson Tobias & Elgered Gunnar(2008): Long-term trends in theatmospheric water vapor contentestimated from ground-based GPSdata. J. Geophys. Res.Nilsson Tobias & Haas Rüdiger (2008):Modeling Tropospheric Delayswith Atmospheric TurbulenceModels. in Proceedings of theFifth IVS General Meeting:"Measuring the Future", eds. AFinkelstein & D Behrend, pp. 361-370.Ning Tong, Johansson Jan M, ElgeredGunnar (2008): The impact of theelectromagnetic environment ofthe antenna on GPS, poster.Ning Tong, Nilsson Tobias, JohanssonJan M, Elgered Gunnar, WillénUlrika, Kjellström Erik (2008):Atmospheric Water VaporContent Inferred From GPS Dataand Compared, poster.Ning Tong, Nilsson Tobias, JohanssonJan M, Elgered Gunnar (2008): Theimpact of the electromagneticenvironment of the antenna onGPS, poster.Penna Nigel T, Bos Machiel S, BakerTrevor F, Scherneck Hans-Georg(2008): Assessing the accuracy ofpredicted ocean tide loadingdisplacement. Journal of Geodesy,82 (12) pp. 893-907.Sekido Mamoru, Takiguchi Hiroshi,Koyama Yasuhiro, KondoTetsuro, Haas Rüdiger, WagnerJan, Ritakari Jouko, KuriharaShinobu, Kokado Kensuke (2008):Ultra-rapid UT1 measurements bye-VLBI. Earth Planets and Space,60 pp. 865-870.2009Casey S, Haas Rüdiger, LindqvistMichael, Hammargren R, ConwayJohn, Johansson Jan M (2009): e-VLBI related activities at OnsalaSpace Observatory. Proceedingsof the 8th International e-VLBIWorkshop, 22-26 June 2009,Madrid, Spain.Ebenhag Sven-Christian, Hedekvist PerOlof, Rieck Carsten, SkooghHåkan, Jarlemark Per O J,Jaldehag R T Kenneth (2009): Afiber based frequency distributionsystem with enchanced outputphase stability. Proceedings EFTF-IFCS2009 joint conference 20-24

51April 2009, IEEE catalog number:CFP09FRE-CDR.Elgered Gunnar, Emardson R,Jarlemark P, Johansson Jan M,Kjellström E, Nilsson Tobias, NingTong, Willén U (2009): Validationof climate models using Europeanground-based GNSS observations.Proc. of 2nd Colloquium Scientificand Fundamental Aspects of theGalileo Programme, EuropeanSpace Agency, 15-19 October,2009, Padua, Italy.Elgered Gunnar, Haas Rüdiger, NilssonTobias (2009): Atmospheric VLBI:A method to validate long timeseries of water vapour content.Proceedings of the 19th EuropeanVLBI for Geodesy and AstrometryWorking Meeting, 24-25 March2009, Bordeaux, France, pp. 49-53.Emardson R, Jarlemark P, Bergstrand S,Nilsson Tobias, Johansson Jan M(2009): Measurement accuracy inNetwork-RTK. Borås: SP Report2009:23.Garcia Espada Susana, ColomerSanmartin Francisco, HaasRüdiger (2009): Simulations ofDifferent Antenna Velocities inVLBI Networks. Proceedings ofthe 19th European VLBI forGeodesy andAstrometry WorkingMeeting, 24-25 March 2009,Bordeaux, France, pp. 169-172.Haas Rüdiger (2009): e-VLBI forgeosciences. Proceedings ofScience: "The 8th International e-VLBI Workshop".Haas Rüdiger, Helldner Leif, PantaleevMiroslav, Löfgren Johan, ElgeredGunnar (2009): Onsala SpaceObservatory – IVS TechnologyDevelopment Center. In:International VLBI Service forGeodesy andAstrometry, 2008Annual Report, edited by D.Behrend & K Baver, NASA, pp.329-332.Haas Rüdiger & Elgered Gunnar (2009):Onsala Space Observatory – IVSNetwork Station . In: InternationalVLBI Service for Geodesy andAstrometry, 2008Annual Report,edited by D Behrend & K Baver,NASA, pp. 146-149.Haas Rüdiger, TangdamrongsubNattachet, Scherneck Hans-Georg,Johansson Jan M (2009): Periodicstation motion in Gothenburgobserved with GPS - possibilyrelated to hydrologicalPhenomena?. Advances inGeosciences, World ScientificPublishing Company, 13 (SolidEarth) pp. 181-192.Haas Rüdiger, Scherneck Hans-Georg,Nilsson Tobias (2009): OnsalaSpace Observatory – IVS AnalysisCenter . In: International VLBIService for Geodesy andAstrometry, 2008Annual Report,edited by D Behrend & K Baver,NASA, pp. 295-298.Jakobson E, Ohvril H, Elgered Gunnar(2009): Diurnal variability ofprecipitable water in the Balticregion, impact on transmittance ofthe direct solar radiation. BorealEnvironment Research, 14 (1) pp.45-55.Jaldehag R T, Kenneth, Rieck Carsten,Jarlemark Per O J (2009): A GPSCarrier-Phase Aided ClockTransport for the Calibration of aRegional Distributed Time Scale.Proceedings EFTF-IFCS2009 joint

52conference, 20-24 April 2009, IEEEcatalog number: CFP09FRE-CDR.Lidberg Martin, Johansson Jan M,Scherneck Hans-Georg, MilneGlenn A, Davis James L (2009):New Results Based onReprocessing of 13 yearsContinuous GPS Observations ofthe Fennoscandia GIA Processfrom BIFROST. Observing ourChaging Earth, Proc. of the 2007IAG General Assembly, PerugiaItaly, July 2-13, Ed. M G Sideris,Springer Verlag, 133 pp. 557-568.Löfgren Johan, Haas Rüdiger,Johansson Jan M (2009): Sea LevelMonitoring Using a GNSS-BasedTide Gauge. 2nd InternationalColloquium - Scientific andFundamental Aspects of theGalileo Programme, 14 - 16October 2009, Padua, Italy, poster.Löfgren Johan, Haas Rüdiger,Johansson Jan M, Ning Tong,Scherneck Hans-Georg (2009): SiteDependent Effects in GNSS-Observations - Reflections asDisturbances and/or Signals.European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2009, Vienna,Austria, 19 – 24 April 2009, poster.Löfgren Johan, Haas Rüdiger,Johansson Jan M (2009): Sea LevelMonitoring Using a GNSS-BasedTide Gauge. 2nd InternationalColloquium - Scientific andFundamental Aspects of theGalileo Programme, 14 - 16October 2009, Padua, Italy,Conference Proceedings.Lösler Michael & Haas Rüdiger (2009):The 2008 Local-tie Survey at theOnsala Space Observatory.Proceedings of the 19th EuropeanVLBI for Geodesy and AstrometryWorking Meeting, 24-25 March2009, Bordeaux, France, pp. 97-101.Nilsson Tobias & Haas Rüdiger (2009):An Assessment of AtmosphericTurbulence for CONT05 andCONT08. Proceedings of the 19thEuropean VLBI for Geodesy andAstrometry Working Meeting, 24-25 March 2009, Bordeaux, Francepp. 39-43.Nilsson Tobias, Davis J L, Hill E M(2009): Using ground-based GPSto characterize atmosphericturbulence. Geophys. Res. Lett.,36.Ning Tong, Elgered Gunnar, JohanssonJan M (2009): The impact ofmicrowave absorber and radomegeometries on geodeticmeasurements with ground-basedGNSS antennas. Proc. of 2ndColloquium Scientific andFundamental Aspects of theGalileo Programme, EuropeanSpace Agency, 15-19 October,2009, Padua, Italy.Ning Tong, Johansson Jan M, ScherneckHans-Georg, Jarlemark Per O J,Emardson T Ragne (2009): High-Rate GNSS Techniques for theDetection of Large SeismicDisplacements . the IEEEInternational Geoscience andRemote Sensing Symposium(IGARSS), pp. V 359-362.Nordman M, Mäkinen J, Virtanen H,Johansson Jan M, Bilker-KoivulaM, Virtanen J (2009): Crustalloading in vertical GPS time seriesin Fennoscandia. J. Geodyn., 48 (3-5) pp. 144-150.

53Olsson Per-Anders, Scherneck Hans-Georg, Ågren Jonas (2009): Effectson gravity from non-tidal sea levelvariations in the Baltic Sea.Journal of Geodynamics, 48 (3-5)pp. 151-156.Petrachenko Bil, Niell Arthur, BehrendDirk, Corey Brian, BöhmJohannes, Charlot Patrick,Collioud Arnaud, Gipson John,Haas Rüdiger, Hobiger Thomas,Koyama Yasuhiro, MacMillanDaniel, Malkin Zinovy, NilssonTobias, Pany Andrea, TuccariGino, Whitney Alan, Wresnik Jörg(2009): Design Aspects of theVLBI2010 System. WashingtonDC, USA, NASA.Petrachenko Bill, Niel Arthur, BehrendDirk, Corey Brian, BöhmJohannes, Charlot Patrick,Collioud Arnaud, Gipson John,Haas Rüdiger, Hobiger Thomas,Koyama Yasuhiro, MacMillanDaniel, Malkin Zinovy, NilssonTobias, Pany Andrea, TuccariGino, Whitney Alan, Wresnik Jörg(2009): Progress Report of the IVSVLBI2010 Committee. In:International VLBI Service forGeodesy and Astrometry, 2008Annual Report, edited by DBehrend & K Baver, NASA, pp.13-67.Sundström Jonas (2009): Evaluation ofhigh rate real time GPS basedtsunami warning system.Göteborg: Chalmers University ofTechnology.Tornatore Vincenza & Haas Rüdiger(2009): Considerations on theobservation of GNSS-signals withthe VLBI2010 system. Proceedingsof the 19th European VLBI forGeodesy and Astrometry2010Working Meeting, 24-25 March2009, Bordeaux, France, pp. 151-155.Garcia Espada Susana, Haas Rüdiger,Colomer Sanmartin Francisco(2010): Application of Ray-tracingthrough the High ResolutionNumerical Weather ModelHIRLAM for the Analysis ofEuropean VLBI Data. Proceedingsof the 6th IVS General Meeting.Hill Emma M, Davis James L, TamisieaMark E, Lidberg Martin (2010):Combination of geodeticobservations and models forglacial isostatic adjustment fieldsin Fennoscandia. Journal ofGeophysical Research, 115 (B07),12 pages.Lidberg Martin, Johansson Jan M,Scherneck Hans-Georg, MilneGlenn A (2010): Recent resultsbased on continuous GPSobservations of the GIA process inFennoscandia from BIFROST.Journal of Geodynamics, 50 (1) pp.8-18.Nilsson Tobias & Haas Rüdiger (2010):Impact of atmospheric turbulenceon geodetic very long baselineinterferometry. Journal ofGeophysical Research, 115(B03407), 11 pages.Ning Tong (2010): Global NavigationSatellite Systems: ApplicationsWith Time Scales From Seconds toDecades. Göteborg: ChalmersUniversity of Technology,(Technical report L - Departmentof Radio and Space Science,Chalmers University ofTechnology, Göteborg, Sweden.

54Rieck Carsten, Haas Rüdiger, JaldehagR T Kenneth, Johansson Jan M(2010): VLBI and GPS-based Time-Transfer Using Cont08 Data.Proceedings of the 6th IVSGeneral Meeting.Scherneck Hans-Georg, Lidberg Martin,Haas Rüdiger, Johansson Jan M,Milne Glenn A (2010):Fennoscandian strain rates fromBIFROST GPS: A gravitating,thick-plate approach. Journal ofGeodynamics, 50 pp. 19-26.