Electoral gender quotas systems and their implementation in Europe

More documents

Recommendations

Info

so far no formal rules have been adopted to address the issue and an informal policy is adopted.These parties try to involve women with an immigrant background.6. ConclusionThe main question of the study on gender quotas in Europe is whether quotas really result in agreater involvement of women in the decision-making process. On the basis of the findings inGermany, the answer is in the affirmative. Quota rules have led to a better representation ofwomen in the decision-making bodies.References and further readingDeutsches Jugendinstitut (DJI), Kommentierter Datenreport zur Gleichstellung von Frauenund Männern,München, 2005 Deutscher Städtetag, Statistisches Jahrbuch Deutscher Gemeinden (Berlin, 2002)Geissel, Brigitte, Politikerinnen: Politisierung und Partizipation auf kommunaler Ebene [Opladen: Leske undBudrich, 1999)Geissel, Brigitte and Hust, Evelin, ‘Democratic Mobilization through Quotas: Experiences fromIndia and Germany’, Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 3/2 (2005), pp. 222–44Hoecker, Beate (ed.), Handbuch politische Partizipation von Frauen in Europa (Opladen: Leske undBudrich, 1998)Journal: Sozialdemokratischer Informationsdienst 28 (1988)Kamenitsa, Lynn and Geissel, Brigitte, ‘Women’s Policy Agencies and Political Representation inGermany’, in Joni Lovenduski (ed.), State Feminism and Political Representation (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 106–30Meyer, Birgit, ‘Die “unpolitische” Frau, Politische Partizipation von Frauen oder: Haben Frauen einanderes Verständnis von Politik’, Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, 25-26 (1992), pp. 3–18Meyer, Birgit, ‘Hat sie denn heute schon gekocht? Frauen in der Politik von der Nachkriegszeit bisheute’, in Margit Brückner and Birgit Meyer (eds), Die sichtbare Frau: Die Aneignung dergesellschaftlichen Räume (Freiburg: Kore, 1994), pp. 369–409Penrose, Virginia and Geissel, Brigitte, ‘“The Long Run”: Partizipation und Engagement untergeschlechtsspezifischen Zusammenhängen’, in Ulrike Gentner (ed.), Geschlechtergerechte Visionen:Politik in der Bildungs- und Jugendarbeit (Königstein/Taunus: Ulrike Helmer Verlag, 2001), pp. 161–257Schwarting, Frauke, ‘Manchmal hast Du das Gefühl, du stimmst nicht ganz’: Erfahrungen von Frauen inParlamenten (Münster: Agenda Verlag, 1995)Sozialdemokratischer Informationsdienst, 28/10 (1988)Wahl, Angelika von, ‘Gender Equality in Germany: Comparing Policy Change across Domains’,West European Politics, 29/3 (2006), pp. 461–88Wehling, Hans-Georg, ‘Frauen in der Kommunalpolitik’, in Theodor Pfizer and Hans-GeorgWehling, Kommunalpolitik in Baden-Württemberg (Stuttgart: Landeszentrale für politischenBildung/Kohlhammer, 2000), pp. 203–16Other sourcesCurrent statutes, rules and regulation concerning quota rules – the CDU, SPD, FDP, Green Party,The LeftFor the national elections 2002 and 2005 – electoral lists of the CDU, SPD, FDP, Green Party,PDS and The Left/PDS70
For the last elections in the states (Landtagswahlen) – electoral lists of the CDU, SPD, FDP, GreenParty, PDS and The Left/PDS in Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen,Hamburg, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia,Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Saarland, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein,ThuringiaElectoral lists of the CDU, SPD, FDP, Green Party, PDS and The Left/PDS for local elections:case study of randomly selected municipalities (Mainz, the 13 districts of Mainz, Brandenburg,Cottbus, Frankfurt/Oder, Potsdam, Barnim, Dahme-Spreewald, Elbe-Elster, Havelland,Oberhavel, Oberspreewald-Lausitz, Oder-Spree, Ostprignitz-Ruppin, Schwerin, Südwestpfalz,Berlin-Mitte, Spiesen-Elversberg, Saarlouis, Frankfurt/Main, Wiesbaden-Mitte, Kassel, Leipzig,Uckermark, districts of Bremen, districts of Berlin; Stadt Frankenthal including election for districtelections)Electoral lists for the elections of members of the European Parliament, 1999 and 200471
Page 3 and 4:
Directorate-General Internal Polici
Page 5 and 6:
Electoral Gender Quota Systems andT
Page 8 and 9:
AppendicesThe methodology of the qu
Page 10 and 11:
Table 41. Women’s representation
Page 12 and 13:
1. Mapping of electoral gender quot
Page 14 and 15:
Committee of Ministers’ Recommend
Page 16 and 17:
have occurred after election day -
Page 18 and 19:
parties and take the form of intern
Page 20 and 21:
Knowledge of different electoral qu
Page 22 and 23:
support for female candidates has s
Page 24 and 25: of more women in politics. Many opp
Page 26 and 27: Figure 3. The incremental track mod
Page 28 and 29: is probably that gender quotas rema
Page 30 and 31: to gender quotas. Likewise, the dat
Page 32 and 33: ‘Special organisation for women w
Page 34 and 35: individual parties that adopt them,
Page 36 and 37: political party in the Swedish Parl
Page 38 and 39: then the requirement of 50 per cent
Page 40 and 41: proportion of women elected in the
Page 42 and 43: and organisation of women are cruci
Page 44 and 45: Matland, Richard E., ‘Enhancing W
Page 46 and 47: Case studyBelgium: a best practice
Page 48 and 49: While the 1994 act applied to all e
Page 50 and 51: need to include at least one woman,
Page 52 and 53: introduced, individual parties adop
Page 54 and 55: Marissal, Claudie and Hansen, Ingri
Page 56 and 57: In order to correct the discriminat
Page 58 and 59: The legal vacuum pertaining to the
Page 60 and 61: y women in terms of number of seats
Page 62 and 63: 5. ‘Virtuous dynamic’: the symb
Page 64 and 65: Case studyGermany: successful quota
Page 66 and 67: party positions (Gruppenwahlen zu P
Page 68 and 69: districts, quota rules are often no
Page 70 and 71: Table 14. Success rates of female a
Page 72 and 73: Figure 5. Development of the percen
Page 76 and 77: Case studyPoland: one step forward,
Page 78 and 79: 16 in Poland)Rady powiatów(second
Page 80 and 81: 3. Evaluation3.1. Candidate lists i
Page 82 and 83: List, in Ozorków Women of Tomorrow
Page 84 and 85: 3.4. Representation of women in oth
Page 86 and 87: Case studySlovenia: from voluntary
Page 88 and 89: council. The positions of candidate
Page 90 and 91: 3.2.2. The introduction of legislat
Page 92 and 93: Table 25 shows that only one of the
Page 94 and 95: Source: Author’s own calculation
Page 96 and 97: Zakon o volitvah v Evropski parlame
Page 98 and 99: Advocates for quotas for women lobb
Page 100 and 101: Table 31. The percentage and number
Page 102 and 103: Table 33. Municipality elections in
Page 104 and 105: Case studySweden: small steps, big
Page 106 and 107: 40 per cent of either sex on the pa
Page 108 and 109: voluntary party quotas than in part
Page 110 and 111: The zipper system (50 per cent) int
Page 112 and 113: While quotas for minority groups ha
Page 114 and 115: Case studyThe United Kingdom: polit
Page 116 and 117: In contrast to Labour, the Scottish
Page 118 and 119: The twinning and zipping policies a
Page 120 and 121: differences across the political pa
Page 122 and 123: Appendix IThe methodology of the qu
Page 124 and 125:
Brigitte Geissel is a political sci
Page 126:
ZLSDZZPUnited List of Social Democr
show all

Electoral gender quotas systems and their implementation in Europe

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?