Bryological Monograph An annotated checklist of the mosses of ...

MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 231differences and recognize several species. NorthAmerican authors stress the presence of intergradingforms and recognize only one species, F. bryoidesHedw. On both continents many specimens are easilyidentified as F. bryoides sensu stricto (with numerousaxillary antheridial buds), F. viridulus (most antheridiaterminal on dwarf male or longer plants) or F. incurvus(incurved capsules). Also on both continents sexualcharacters are more or less correlated to othercharacters (extension of the limbidium, shape of theleaf apex, sporophyte, etc.). Intergrading specimensare also known from both continents and are probablymost common in southern and northern regions.Whether they are more common in North Americais unknown. In the Netherlands most specimens canbe easily identified. Variation in sexuality in Europeanmaterial of this complex has led to the description ofmany varieties and species. In this checklist, we adopta conservative (from a European point of view)perspective, but omit F. exiguus Sull. and F. kosaniniiLatzel, and reduce F. curnovii and F. incurvus tovarietal rank.95. Cortini Pedrotti (2001) and Smith (2004) treatFissidens bryoides var. caespitans at species level. It ishere included as variety because, though extremeforms are clearly distinct from F. bryoides var.bryoides by red rhizoids, a thicker limbidium, inclinedcapsules and a cushion-like growth form, manycollections cannot be identified with certainty.96. In a recent provisional publication Pursell (2005)recognizes Fissidens minutulus as a distinct species,closely related to, yet distinct from, F. crispus(including F. limbatus). We are not convinced thatthe two taxa are distinct in Europe and they aretreated as synonyms here.97. Fissidens gymnandrus is treated by North Americanauthors and Ignatov & Afonina (1992) as a synonymof F. bryoides. However it differs from F. bryoidessensu stricto in being polyoicous, having oblong leaveswith a wide apex, and by its preference for woodysubstrates in regularly flooded localities.98. Fissidens jansenii was described by Sérgio & Pursell(2001). The resemblance of this species to Fissidensrufulus was overlooked by its authors. Both specieshave small cells and limbidia that reach the insertionof the dorsal laminae. F. jansenii has bistratose leaves;the leaves of F. rufulus are irregularly bistratose orunistratose.99. Fissidens microstictus is a relatively unknown speciescharacterized by stems with numerous wide, ellipticalto ovate leaves, broad, acute leaf tips and dorsallaminae that are narrowed below and typically reachthe insertion. All leaves of a stem can be elimbate orlimbate, or limbate and elimbate leaves may occur onthe same stem, limbidia are found on the vaginantlaminae and sometimes also in the middle of thedorsal laminae. It is closely related to F. arnoldii fromwhich it differs in the broadly acute not acuminate leaftips.100. Fissidens nobreganus resembles F. sublineaefoliuswhich also has linear leaves and smooth cells. Itdiffers from this species in having bud-shaped axillaryperigonia and perigonia terminal on short axillarybranches, by smaller, almost isodiametric laminal cellsand limbidia that are restricted to the upper leaves ofperichaetial plants. Fissidens sublineaefolius has terminalperigonia, larger, hexagonal laminal cells andwell-developed limbidia on all laminae of all leaves.101. Fissidens perssonii was synonymized with F. ovatifoliusby Dirkse, Bouman & Losada-Lima (1993).102. Fissidens pusillus is treated by North Americanauthors as an expression of F. bryoides.103. European specimens identified as Fissidens exiguus arepoorly limbate forms of either F. viridulus or of F.pusillus. Fissidens exiguus is treated by NorthAmerican authors as a poorly limbate expression ofF. bryoides.104. Fissidens sublimbatus was reported from the CanaryIslands by Ros et al. (2001).105. Fissidens viridulus is treated by North Americanauthors as an expression of F. bryoides.106. Bryum pallens, Dicranum polysetum, D. viridulum(Fissidens), Hypnum revolvens (Scorpidium) andOrthotrichum pumilum are Swartz names from beforeSpecies Muscorum that were validated in a bookreview (Anon., 1801); thus ‘ex anon.’.107. Fissidens viridulus var. incurvus is linked to var.viridulus by transitional forms. North Americanauthors treat both taxa as expressions of F. bryoides.108. Re-examination of the isotype of Fissidens bambergeriin U showed that it is a poorly limbate form ofF. viridulus. It differs from F. crispus (F. limbatus)with which it has been confused by larger, hardlybulging, less than twice as deep as wide, laminalcells.109. Fissidens marginatulus is not accepted by Ignatov &Ignatova (2003) and seems hardly distinct from F.viridulus.110. Fissidens serratus was reported as F. papillosus, newfor the Canary Islands, by Dirkse, Bruggeman-Nannenga & Bouman (1991). Bruggeman-Nannenga& Pursell (1995) treated F. papillosus as a synonym ofF. serratus.111. Ceratodon antarcticus Cardot and C. heterophyllusKindb. have been reported from arctic and alpineparts of Europe. According to Ochyra (1998), C.antarcticus is merely a developmental phase of C.purpureus with very large mid-leaf cells and plane leafmargins. European records of C. heterophyllus arebased on plants that lack capsules and thereforeaccording to the account of Burley & Pritchard (1990)are not reliable. Nevertheless, the occurrence in coldparts of Europe of Ceratodon plants with rounded,entire leaf apices is remarkable. Cultivation experi-