Euro-AgesGeology-related higher educationprogrammes in HungaryIn Hungary there are four universitieswhere geology-related programmesare <strong>of</strong>fered. The traditional ten-semesteracademic programmes started forthe last time in 2005. Since 2006 theBologna System has been adopted.The programmes at B.Sc. level take 6or 7 semesters. A full year <strong>of</strong> studiesequals 60 ETCS; 1 ECTS equals <strong>30</strong>hours <strong>of</strong> workload. At B.Sc. level thereis no separate ‘geology’ pr<strong>of</strong>ession;the graduates get their diploma asBachelor <strong>of</strong> Earth Sciences or EarthScience and Engineering. About 60% <strong>of</strong> B.Sc. graduates enter the M.Sc.cycle, which started in 2009 and 2010.The “Earth Science” B.Sc. courses <strong>of</strong>fergeology, geophysics, meteorology,geoinformatics, mining engineering,oil engineering, etc. The M.Sc. coursesare more specialized. The expectedannual number <strong>of</strong> graduates specializingin geology (including engineeringgeology and hydrogeology) is about<strong>30</strong>. The curricula are rather input-oriented,with no <strong>of</strong>ficial expectations onlearning outcomes from the employers’side.by Éva Hartai 1En Hongrie, il existe quatre Universitésoù sont enseignés des programmes decursus géologique. Les programmesacadémiques traditionnels, de durée 10semestres, ont eu cours pour la dernièrefois, en 2005. Depuis 2006, le Processusde Bologne a été adopté. Les programmesau niveau licence représentent un cursusde 6 à 7 semestres. Une année complèted’études correspond à 60 ETCS ; 1ETCS représente <strong>30</strong> heures de travail. Auniveau Licence, il n’existe pas de qualificationpr<strong>of</strong>essionnelle bien individualiséeen Géologie, les diplômés obtenant untitre de Licencié en Géosciences ou enGéosciences et Sciences de l’Ingénieur.Le cursus de licence comprend des coursde géologie, de géophysique de météorologie,de géo informatique d’ingénierieminière et du pétrole, etc. Environ 60%des diplômés en licence suivent le cyclede Maîtrise qui a commencé en 2009 et2010. Les cours en Maîtrise sont plusspécialisés. Le nombre annuel total dediplômés en Maîtrise incluant les domainesde la géologie de l’ingénieur et del’hydrogéologie est de <strong>30</strong> environ. Lesprogrammes d’étude dépendent plutôtdes débouchés <strong>of</strong>ferts sans contrôle <strong>of</strong>ficieldes connaissances acquises du côtédes employeurs.En Hungría hay curto universidadesque <strong>of</strong>recen programas relacionadoscon la geología. El programaacadémico tradicional de diez semestresempezó por última vez en 2005.El sistema de Bolonia se ha adoptadodesde 2006. El programa de gradoocupa 6 o 7 semestres. Un año completode estudios es equivalente a 60ECTS, 1 ECTS equivale a <strong>30</strong> horas decarga de trabajo. A nivel de grado nose producen pr<strong>of</strong>esionales de geologíaindividualizados, los graduados recibenel título de Licenciado en Cienciasde la Tierra e Ingeniería. Aproximadamenteun 60% de los graduadosentran en el ciclo de máster, queempezó en 2009 y 2010. Los cursosde los grados en “Ciencias de la Tierra”<strong>of</strong>recen geología, ge<strong>of</strong>ísica, meteorología,geoinformática, ingeniería deminas, ingeniería del petróleo, etc. Loscursos de máster son más especializados.El número anual previsto degraduados especializados en geología(incluyendo ingeniería geológica,geología e hidrogeología) es de unos<strong>30</strong>. El currículo es bastante orientadoa lo impartido, más que hacia losresultados del aprendizaje desde laperspectiva del empleador.The conventional ten-semester academicprogrammes in geologystarted for the last time in Hungaryin 2005. There were two universities which<strong>of</strong>fered these programmes. At the EötvösLoránd University, Budapest the graduatestudents were certified geologists. At University<strong>of</strong> Miskolc they were certified engineeringgeologists. The last students inthese programmes completed their studiesmostly in 2010 but there are some studentsin the conventional programmes whosestudies last more than ten semesters.Programmes in the Bologna SystemThe Bologna System was implemented in1University <strong>of</strong> Miskolc, Hungaryfoldshe@uni-miskolc.huHungary in 2006. In the new system thereare four universities where geology-relatedprogrammes are <strong>of</strong>fered (Fig. 1). The programmesare validated and accredited bythe Ministry <strong>of</strong> Education and Culture.The workload <strong>of</strong> a full-time student forone academic year <strong>of</strong> study is defined as 60ECTS credits, normally <strong>30</strong> ECTS creditsfor each semester. 1 ECTS credit equals ~<strong>30</strong> hours <strong>of</strong> workload. The Bachelor programmein Earth Science and Engineeringinvolves 210 ECTS credits and the EarthScience programmes involve 180 ECTScredits. The Masters Programmes include120 ECTS credits. The curricula in thegeology-related programmes are ratherinput-oriented and there are no outcomeorientedrequirements.In the B.Sc. in Earth Science programmesfor students specializing in geology andin the M.Sc. programmes in geology themost important subject areas are as follows:mathematics, chemistry, informatics,mineralogy, petrography, geochemistry,palaeontology, physical, structuraland historical geology, environmental geology,applied geology, geology <strong>of</strong> mineraldeposits and mineral exploration.For Earth Science and Engineering programmesthe B.Sc. students specializing ingeology the subject areas are: engineeringphysics, applied chemistry, economics,informatics, mineralogy, petrography,geochemistry, physical, structural andhistorical geology, environmental geology,geophysics, engineering geology,hydrogeology, mineral exploration, mineralresources. In the M.Sc. programmes in26 <strong>European</strong> Geologist <strong>30</strong>
Euro-AgesFigure 1. Location <strong>of</strong> the universities <strong>of</strong>fering geology-related programmesGeo-Engineering and Hydrogeology thesubject areas are more detailed.B.Sc. programmes are <strong>of</strong>fered in thefollowing universities:- Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest:B.Sc. in Earth Sciences (6 semesters).Specialization starts in the 3rd semester.Students can specialize in astronomy,cartography and GIS, meteorology,geography, geophysics or geology.- University <strong>of</strong> Szeged: B.Sc. in EarthSciences (6 semesters). Specializationstarts in the 3rd semester. Students canspecialize in applied earth sciences orgeology.- University <strong>of</strong> Debrecen: B.Sc. in EarthSciences (6 semesters). Specializationstarts in the 3rd semester. Students canspecialize in meteorology, geographyor geology.- University <strong>of</strong> Miskolc: B.Sc. in EarthScience and Engineering (7 semesters).Specialization starts in the 5th semester.Students can specialize in mining andgeotechnical engineering, processingengineering, oil and gas engineering orEarth sciences.M.Sc. programmes all last for 4 semesters.These programmes are <strong>of</strong>fered in the followinguniversities:- Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest:M.Sc. in Geology- University <strong>of</strong> Szeged: M.Sc. in EarthSciences- University <strong>of</strong> Debrecen: M.Sc. in EarthSciences- University <strong>of</strong> Miskolc: M.Sc. in Geologicaland Geophysical Engineering- University <strong>of</strong> Miskolc: M.Sc. in Hydrogelogyand Engineering.As the Bachelor programmes embrace alarge spectrum <strong>of</strong> specialities the number<strong>of</strong> freshmen students is relatively high.In the four universities which <strong>of</strong>fer geology-relatedprogrammes their numbers areabout <strong>30</strong>0. The number <strong>of</strong> graduate Bachelorstudents (including all specializations)is about 200. The number <strong>of</strong> graduates specializingin geology-related programms isabout 50. From this, about 25 enter thegeology-related M.Sc. programmes.In Hungary there is no national definitionor standard for learning outcomes inthe field <strong>of</strong> geology; it is the right <strong>of</strong> eachuniversity which <strong>of</strong>fers the programme todefine the learning outcomes. This definitionis necessary for the accreditation <strong>of</strong>the <strong>of</strong>fered programme.Geology as a pr<strong>of</strong>ession in HungaryGeology is a regulated pr<strong>of</strong>ession and the<strong>of</strong>ficially recognized geological body is theHungarian Geological Society. The Societyhas about 1000 members and from thisabout 500 are practising geologists, theothers are students or retired persons.Graduates do not need to pass an examto join the Society. The Hungarian GeologicalSociety does not have continuousdevelopment programmes. These are<strong>of</strong>fered by universities. It is the specificcompany which can require improvement<strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional knowledge by postgradualcourses. There are no pr<strong>of</strong>essional prerequisitesfor entering a job as a geologist, theacademic degree is sufficient to practise.In the Bologna System about 25 geology-relatedBachelor and 25 Masters graduatesenter the labour market annually.About 80% <strong>of</strong> these are expected to get ajob in the pr<strong>of</strong>ession, the rest will work inother fields.<strong>European</strong> Geologist <strong>30</strong>27