Listening to African Voices - FPZ

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Table 11: Perceptions of FGM/C among African immigrant participants% frompracticingfamily% seeingFGM/C asreligiousobligation% seeingbenefits inFGM/CCleanliness/hygiene% associating FGM/C with the advantage ofSocialacceptanceBettermarriageprospectsPreservationof virginityReduction ofsexual desireof womanSexWomen 34.2 6.6 38.4 9.1 21.0 19.0 13.3 18.7Men 42.5 13.1 45.0 10.9 21.4 18.7 12.7 23.0Age groups16-30 29.3 8.9 35.2 7.5 14.3 14.3 10.8 16.831-44 41.9 12.1 45.2 9.7 22.9 19.2 12.7 23.345+ 40.5 9.3 45.1 11.1 20.5 17.6 23.0 27.0ReligionMuslim 67.5 18.9 58.9 14.8 34.4 28.7 12.5 27.3Christian 22.8 5.3 31.7 7.5 13.2 12.3 13.1 18.0Education (years)0-9 47.6 19.4 55.7 12.5 31.2 27.2 12.7 22.410-14 40.7 8.7 42.7 9.8 19.4 16.7 13.6 22.515+ 30.2 7.3 36.1 9.9 18.6 16.6 12.3 20.3Relationship to FGM/CPracticing family n/a 17.7 69.2 21.6 43.6 36.4 19.1 33.8Non-pract. family n/a 5.1 24.7 2.8 7.1 7.9 8.5 12.8Total 39.2 10.6 42.4 10.2 21.3 18.8 12.9 21.3Table 12: Knowledge about risks and consequences associated with FGM/CNoawarenessNames vague orincorrecteffectsPainInfectionsProportion (%) reporting effects related toBleedingDeathSexual disadvantagesfor womenSexual disadvantagesformen/the coupleSexWomen 24.6 22.5 16.2 19.1 13.3 12.8 20.5 2.2 11.4 14.0 3.7Men 36.5 18.7 9.2 17.1 8.1 9.2 27.1 2.3 8.8 9.5 2.8Age groups16-30 30.3 16.0 15.8 21.4 11.5 12.4 24.8 1.9 9.6 11.8 5.131-44 28.7 20.5 11.2 17.3 11.7 11.2 26.2 3.0 9.6 13.2 2.645+ 37.6 23.5 9.7 13.0 7.1 5.5 21.0 2.1 9.7 8.4 2.1ReligionMuslim 44.4 15.9 8.0 12.6 5.7 8.4 20.2 2.9 5.7 13.7 3.5Christian 23.5 23.0 14.5 21.6 13.0 11.8 27.2 1.8 12.4 10.4 3.0Education (years)0-9 49.3 22.4 6.0 6.0 2.1 9.9 15.8 2.7 5.4 7.5 2.410-14 32.4 19.0 13.9 17.4 11.4 8.3 22.6 2.0 8.9 10.7 2.315+ 19.2 21.1 13.7 26.5 13.7 14.0 33.0 2.5 13.5 14.6 4.6Relationship to FGM/CPracticingfamily39.8 16.4 13.6 14.8 9.9 9.7 20.3 2.2 4.6 13.5 2.6Non-pract.family23.9 23.3 10.5 20.5 11.1 11.8 29.2 2.5 13.3 10.1 4.0Total 31.9 20.2 11.9 17.9 10.1 10.6 24.6 2.3 9.8 11.2 3.2PsychologicalproblemsProblems duringchild birthInfertilityListening to African Voices 35
Germany. Some participants reported that German law didnot mention FGM/C and others were uncertain as to the textof the law. Even though most participants had no preciseinformation on how FGM/C was dealt with by the Germanlegal system, there was a strong general awareness aboutthe fact that FGM/C was considered a crime in Germany andthat those initiating it risked being sanctioned. Men wereslightly more aware on the issue than women (see tablebelow).Awareness is also stronger among Christians than amongMuslims and among immigrants with a higher educationlevel. Interestingly, it is also higher among immigrants fromnon-practicing families than it is among those who adhere tothe practice.The main information sources for knowledge about Germanlaw were oral communication and the international media(RFI, BBC). The court cases which took place in France andwhich led to the condemnation of parents and practitionershad often been heard of. Some immigrants also reportedknowledge of other persecutions of parents who were suspectedof having the intention to subject their daughters toFGM/C in Germany.Furthermore, the majority of immigrants from Sub-SaharanAfrica reported being in favour of abandoning the practice(see table 13). Merely 3% of the participants advocate forthe continuation of FGM/C. Besides, there are about 16%who report uncertainty regarding their position towardsFGM/C. Some, from non-practicing groups, report insufficientknowledge of FGM/C in order to decide whether ornot the practice should continue. Others, from practicinggroups, feel that the practice should be modified, carriedout under medical supervision or that it depends on thecollective decision of the community. Immigrants in favour ofFGM/C or with ambiguous feelings towards the practice aremore strongly represented in the group of men, Muslims andamong persons with a low education level.5.5. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of communities(with > 100 immigrants)The data analysis showed that the results for the communitiesof the investigated countries differ strongly. Thus, thedecision was made to conduct separate data analysis for thecommunity of each country with an important immigrantpopulation. The passage order of the countries is organisedaccording to the size of the immigrant population, startingTable 13: Knowledge of German law and attitudes towards the abandonment of FGM/CLegislation% distribution of participants whobelieve that German lawAttitudes towards abandonment% distribution of participants whobelieve that FGM/C shouldallowsFGM/Cdoes notallow itdoes notmention itdon’t know continue be stopped dependsdon’t know/answerSexWomen 0.4 64.7 9.9 24.9 1.0 86.4 6.6 6.0Men 0.4 74.2 6.5 19.6 4.4 78.2 9.1 8.2Age groups15-30 0.2 67.8 7.7 24.2 2.1 83.8 5.8 8.331-44 0.5 74.0 7.1 18.4 3.1 81.4 10.3 5.445+ 0.4 65.8 14.4 19.4 5.8 85.4 6.7 2.1Relationship to FGM/CPracticing family 0.2 66.9 5.0 27.9 6.9 68.4 12.2 12.5Non-practicingfamily 0.4 74.3 9.5 15.8 0.7 93.3 3.6 2.4ReligionMuslim 0.5 67.9 5.0 26.6 4.5 67.7 13.4 14.4Christian 0.3 72.8 9.7 17.2 2.2 90.7 4.2 2.8Education (years)0-9 0 59.3 7.1 33.7 6.5 66.2 13.2 14.110-14 0.7 70.3 8.6 20.4 2.5 83.7 7.0 6.715+ 0.2 78.8 6.6 14.5 1.9 88.2 6.5 3.5Total 0.4 70.5 7.8 21.2 3.1 81.4 8.1 7.436Listening to African Voices
Page 3: Cover photo: Plan/Alf Berg - “Gir
Page 9 and 10: Within the cohort of daughters of t
Page 11 and 12: • To explore the level of awarene
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Page 15: • Many of them are struggling to
Page 18 and 19: 1 The interviewers approached diver
Page 20 and 21: that even close friends and people
Page 23 and 24: cies. 9 The table below displays th
Page 25 and 26: 4.7. FGM/C in Germany4.7.1. Estimat
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Page 29 and 30: illegally in Hamburg. The table is
Page 31 and 32: The largest proportions of intervie
Page 33 and 34: Reactions to the research topicThe
Page 35: A small proportion of parents annou
Page 39 and 40: In order to determine the proportio
Page 41 and 42: “I am against the practice. It ha
Page 43 and 44: Table 18: Knowledge of German law a
Page 45 and 46: gin of the immigrants (see map in a
Page 47 and 48: of the Muslims believe that practic
Page 49 and 50: Table 23: Socio-demographic charact
Page 51 and 52: irth, their mothers come from Afric
Page 53 and 54: None of the participants named infe
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Page 61 and 62: The majority of the participants (7
Page 67 and 68: It was not an easy task to get the
Page 69 and 70: “As I said, for a number of pract
Page 71 and 72: “Female circumcision is and will
Page 73 and 74: Table 36: Proportion of women and m
Page 75 and 76: Table 37: Knowledge of German law a
Page 77 and 78: that FGM/C had been carried out in
Page 79 and 80: 5.7.1. Protective factorsThe findin
Page 81 and 82: 5.7.2.4. Low awareness and indiffer
Page 83 and 84: “The problem of female circumcisi
Page 85 and 86: The two remaining gynaecologists ha
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86Listening to African Voices
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and an acceptable job, uniting the
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Daughters who were born in Africa a
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making power to protect their daugh
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challenging and requires reaching v
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• In order to encourage an attitu
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BEHAVIOR CHANGE MODEL: Abolition of
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Institut National de la Statistique
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8.3. Question list for key informan
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8.5. Questionnaire for quantitative
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Evaluation of girls at riskQ214 CHE
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8.6. Questionnaire for quantitative
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Evaluation of girls at riskQ214 CHE
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8.7. Map of the geographical spread
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8.9. Map of the geographical spread
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