FM 3-25.26 MAP READING AND LAND NAVIGATION

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southwest corner of grid square 0182 or to the nearest 1,000 meters of a point on the map (Figure 4-21).Figure 4-21. The 1,000-meter grid square.f. 100-Meter Identification. To locate to the nearest 100 meters, the grid coordinate scale can be used todivide the 1,000-meter grid squares into 10 equal parts (Figure 4-22).Figure 4-22. The 100-meter and 10-meter grid squares.
g. 10-Meter Identification. The grid coordinate scale has divisions every 50 meters on the 1:50,000 scale andevery 20 meters on the 1:25,000 scale. These can be used to estimate to the nearest 10 meters and give thelocation of one point on the earth's surface to the nearest 10 meters.EXAMPLE: 16SGL01948253 (gas tank) (Figure 4-22).h. Precision. The precision of a point's location is shown by the number of digits in the coordinates; the moredigits, the more precise the location (Figure 4-22, insert).4-7. GRID REFERENCE BOXA grid reference box (Figure 4-23) appears in the marginal information of each map sheet. It contains step-by-stepinstructions for using the grid and the US Army military grid reference system. The grid reference box is divided intotwo parts.Figure 4-23. Grid reference boxa. The left portion identifies the grid zone designation and the 100,000-meter square. If the sheet falls in morethan one 100,000-meter square, the grid lines that separate the squares are shown in the diagram and the lettersidentifying the 100,000-meter squares are given.EXAMPLE: On the Columbus map sheet, the vertical line labeled 00 is the grid line that separates the two100,000-meter squares, FL and GL. The left portion also shows a sample for the 1,000-meter square with itsrespective labeled grid coordinate numbers and a sample point within the 1,000-meter square.b. The right portion of the grid reference box explains how to use the grid and is keyed on the sample 1,000-meter square of the left side. The following is an example of the military grid reference:EXAMPLE: 16S locates the 6° by 8° area (grid zone designation).4-8. OTHER GRID SYSTEMSThe military grid reference system is not universally used. Soldiers must be prepared to interpret and use other gridsystems, depending on the area of operations or the personnel the soldiers are operating with.a. British Grids. In a few areas of the world, British grids are still shown on military maps. However, theBritish grid systems are being phased out. Eventually all military mapping will be converted to the UTM grid.b. World Geographic Reference System (GEOREF). This system is a worldwide position reference systemused primarily by the US Air Force. It may be used with any map or chart that has latitude and longitude printed
Page 1 and 2: *FM 3-25.26 (FM 21-26)Field ManualN
Page 3 and 4: Chapter7OVERLAYSPurposeMap OverlayA
Page 5 and 6: AAppendixBMAP FOLDING TECHNIQUESApp
Page 7 and 8: PART ONEMAP READINGCHAPTER 1TRAININ
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 2MAPSCartography is the art
Page 11 and 12: mission may depend on that map. All
Page 13 and 14: Figure 2-2. Joint operations graphi
Page 15 and 16: 2-8. STANDARDS OF ACCURACYAccuracy
Page 17 and 18: ectangle that represents the sheet
Page 19 and 20: Figure 3-1. Topographical map.3-2.
Page 21 and 22: shown in brown, rivers and lakes in
Page 23 and 24: Figure 4-2. Reference lines.c. Geog
Page 25 and 26: Figure 4-4. Determining latitude.(6
Page 27 and 28: Figure 4-6. Determining geographic
Page 29 and 30: • 5,125 x 300 = 1,537,500• 1,53
Page 31 and 32: Figure 4-9. False eastings and nort
Page 33 and 34: (1) Grid Lines. The regularly space
Page 35 and 36: Figure 4-14. Coordinate scales.(a)
Page 37 and 38: Figure 4-16. Placing a coordinate s
Page 39: locations. With practice, this can
Page 43 and 44: south to north. To designate any on
Page 45 and 46: c. The situation may arise when a m
Page 47 and 48: Figure 5-3. Transferring map distan
Page 49 and 50: Figure 5-5. Measuring a curved line
Page 51 and 52: Figure 5-7. Reading the extension s
Page 53 and 54: about 30 inches long. To accurately
Page 55 and 56: Factors AffectingRange EstimationTh
Page 57 and 58: Figure 6-1. Three norths.b. Magneti
Page 59 and 60: Figure 6-4. Measuring an azimuth.WA
Page 61 and 62: . When using the protractor, the ba
Page 63 and 64: azimuth to grid azimuth; the other,
Page 65 and 66: azimuth (Figure 6-12).Figure 6-12.
Page 67 and 68: Intersection is the location of an
Page 69 and 70: Figure 6-18. Resection with map and
Page 71 and 72: Figure 6-20. Modified resection.6-1
Page 73 and 74: (2) If you have observed any topogr
Page 75 and 76: (6) Map Reference. Reference is mad
Page 77 and 78: (3) The shape of the ground area co
Page 79 and 80: Figure 8-4. Low oblique photograph.
Page 81 and 82: Figure 8-7. Relationship of cameras
Page 83 and 84: 8-5. SCALE DETERMINATIONBefore a ph
Page 85 and 86: square or rectangle. After the four
Page 87 and 88: . If no map is available, the shado
Page 89 and 90: Figure 8-17. Constructing a point d
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Figure 8-19. Locating the grid coor
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Figure 8-21. Side lap.b. The requir
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Figure 8-24. Placement of stereosco
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(2) Encasing the floating dial is a
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c. Presetting a Compass and Followi
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9-5. FIELD-EXPEDIENT METHODSFigure
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this, make a shadow clock and set y
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9-6. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMFigur
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CHAPTER 10ELEVATION AND RELIEFThe e
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contour line numbered 600. Locate p
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Figure 10-7. Uniform, steep slope.c
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Figure 10-11. Contour line around a
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Figure 10-15. Gradient.10-6. TERRAI
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Figure 10-19. Valley.(4) Ridge. A r
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Figure 10-24A. Cliff.Figure 10-24B.
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(3) To the south lies a valley; the
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Figure 10-28. Connecting points.(2)
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Figure 10-31. Drawing a hasty profi
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Figure 11-1. Map oriented with 11 d
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Figure 11-4. Map oriented with 10 d
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The key to success in land navigati
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(3) To The South. The terrain gentl
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concealment from enemy observation.
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compare the evidence you encounter
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(10) Because no one can move along
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ecommended. The point man is in fro
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Figure 12-1. Tracked vehicle capabi
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c. Use Terrain Features as Checkpoi
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(7) The distance factor in dead rec
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Table 13-1. Major desert regions.(1
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Mountains are generally understood
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Figure 13-3. Jungles and savannas.a
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trafficability, a deep accumulation
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CHAPTER 14UNIT SUSTAINMENTLand navi
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This sequence can be used to develo
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c. Area Sketches. These sketches in
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Figure B-2. How to slit and fold a
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1 degree = 1/360 circle = about 17.
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APPENDIX DJOINT OPERATIONS GRAPHICS
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APPENDIX FORIENTEERINGWhat is orien
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Figure F-2. A cross-country oriente
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(usually at one-minute intervals) t
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Figure F-5. Recorder's sheet.g. Eve
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F-8. CONTROL POINT GUIDELINESWhen t
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Figure F-9. Map symbols (continued)
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F-10. ORIENTEERING TECHNIQUESFigure
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APPENDIX GM2 COMPASSThe M2 compass
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APPENDIX HADDITIONAL AIDSThis appen
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H-6. GROUND-VEHICULAR LASER LOCATOR
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Step 3. Look at the composition. To
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J-5. COMPATABILITYAll GPS receivers
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• Signal intelligence.• Electro
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Figure K-4. Setup the units.d. The
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Figure K--10. Enter a way point.c.
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Figure K--14. Azimuth.d. The third
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GSRGTAG/VLLDground surveillance rad
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VNASvehicular navigation aids syste
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FM 3-25.26 (FM 21-26)20 JULY 2001By
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FM 3-25.26 MAP READING AND LAND NAVIGATION

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