)vthe Act r^rhicir v'ill slrortl)' be cominq into force.Opposifion fo tl,e iict has been voi-ce by certainna.t,iorrs v'ifit lerrqe merchant fleet,s arid whose oil drilfingconpariies, for exa.iaple, might rlrn afoul of its provisions. Inspj.t,e ef t,iic f'act fhat there are precederlLs for unilaferalclailns over areas of sea (anLl ai rr,.,a;rs ) outsicre generaily acceptedterritorial linrits, Canada has decided not to be governed by anyCecj-sion tliaf nr:ght Le reaclrecl by flie fnorld Court at tire Flague.Pa.thir,rr sire vicurs internaNional law as defici,ent in nof yet beingequippecl t,o hanrile adequatell' the ciisastrous pollution th reatstlrat n'1eile:rn technology has unleashed.NCtTrrl;FJi ruLAiJn IIATbRS ACT (IILL C-r87 ).Mr. J.K. Na;rsnnith, DeFnrtnierrt of InCian Affairs anciNorthern Developr"rent, has kind.ly provided tlie f ollowi.ng descriptionof tire nell Act.<strong>The</strong> A.ct, is desj.gled Lo per4it fhe eff ectj ve managenientof Canatlars fresh vraters north of 60", and to prevent deteriorati-onof its cur:rent higl, quality, in the face of econonic expartsion. ByacLinq now, it is hoped that lhe: pollution problems that haveresulfecl from lack of v'afer Inanaflcment in southern Catlada nray beavoicled in tire I'lorth.I.") A,a').L.<strong>The</strong> purposes of the Act are as follows:;T'o provide for the equita,ble Cistrjtrution or sl,er:dngof' ri,qhts to use wat,cr in the llortll a;rlonq int'e'restswith legiti6ate and sornetitiies conflicti-ng claims onthis resource.To €osur€: that, the clisposition or allocation of waterrj-ehts is d.ole j.n a manrrer that is consist,ent v6thirn-necliate and lonnterm regjotial and national inf ercsts "To ('nsure t,iia.t ;lll wrlrk:; .rrid unriertakinqs planrted fortlir-: uSe, t1j.vr,\1'siO1, :itcilaqe Or tfr atlneint OJ' u,a,ter areclesj-gTre.l aryi const,rlctecl to acCepLirble ellgineeringstandartls.To est at-,i. sh a.ncl naj ntain the principle that rieht s toti-ie use of t^'ater a.re cleircndettt on tlre users acceptingiull responsibllity for .aitltaj-ni-ng its qr-ral:ty or
3LrestorintT j tsreturninq tlieItb.ior feeturesqualify fo accepfable sfandards Lieforerr,'aterr to tlre natural envirorrriienf .of tiie Act are the J'ollowins;l. All property in and riglrfl^t,o the use of surface orgrounci wat,ers north of 60" wiII be vested in the Cror,',rr,i.e. nort,herrr waters become public property.Llr.(/'a6.Allocat,ion of riqhts to flie use of northern water willt:e accc,rirplj-sireC by a s;vsten of ,wliereby a u'ater user" applies for a vrater rig'irtl and hisplans anci subsequent corrsfruction are subject to governmentapprovai anci inspectiori before a final licence is j.ssued.<strong>The</strong> proposed clevelopmenl rrrust inclucie acceptable pollutionabaLenent, facilities. In a }icence viill be spelled outifs t,erni, ti c alloin'able quantit)' of water to be used,condi.l,ions of rnralcr qualil;r Lhat must be r:aintained andarmual v,ra,t,e,r rental cost,s.Ilp unfil novr water us€rrs in the ltlorth have been subjecttr: a v:-ide va.riet,y of rules, reguJ.:rtions arid directives.Ttris rrevr Act will provide a single vraie:: authority ineacli of t,Lic ferritorics to carry ou| the federalresponsibility for norLhern vrat,er managen.rent. <strong>The</strong> Rittdoestirisb,vcre.atingt,urote:p1i1grjal@.ihe i'io::.rrls v;ill he rnacie up of' tlie senior feclerrrl waterofficials in each ferrifory rind of fjciais fror.i theterrito rial qove r'nmenLs .'lhe depclsition of viaste e;it,i:er directh' cr irrtirercflvinr-o nor'fheni r^ratr:rs v;i1.1 be prohibited, except inaccordarice v,iith condili"orrs wnt-ten irrfo a licence orperniitted under the Rer'lrlafions, Itrater managemerrf f odayniu.sr., bc ba secl on Llier conr::ept of overal-I basindr-'velolrnrenf . It musL +.ake into account a.II of the varioususes and rieeds thaf t,iie waLer resource will be e)cpe,-:ted torieet.An-rr pctison r^rho wrlar^rfully uses v,aier or cleposits wasLe,or uses rir()re l"'3t er t,itatr aulhorized in a, licence, isliable to a fine of up fo $5,OOO per da.;r of offence.Desj,qnated qoverruire'nt, j nspr-ctors will r:nquire int,o whethervrater is; Lre.lnn usecl ancl Lieternd-rre if waste is beingdeposited in northerrr vrat,ers.l'he Act facilitates lonq-terrn nrulti-nurpose planning innortherrr watersheds, by ernbling reserv.atiorr of lands toprofect water bodies and reservation of v.rater bodies fromIi.cencing.
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