Blueprint of life - Millennium

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) Compare the structure of the pentadactyl limb for three of the abovevertebrates.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________c) How would an evolutionary biologist explain the pentadactyl features?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________62 Blueprint of life
Gill Sans BoldExercise 1.6: Other evidenceDescribe how the finches of the Galapagos Islands are an example ofdivergent evolution.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part 1: Evolution 63
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Gill Sans BoldBiologyHSC CourseStag
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ContentsModule overviewOutcomes ...
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Module overviewDNA is often called
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IconsThe following icons are used w
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genotypegill slitshaploidheterozygo
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IntroductionPopular culture often d
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In this part you will have the oppo
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Whichever way the environment chang
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3 A number of scenarios to do with
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An open-ended investigation of natu
Page 24 and 25: On green backgroundOn neutral backg
Page 26 and 27: Evidence for evolutionFor any real
Page 28 and 29: The fossil records have revealed a
Page 30 and 31: ProcedureThe span of the cheek teet
Page 32 and 33: 1 Why can’t you join two or three
Page 34 and 35: Are all the relationships proposed
Page 36 and 37: However, this view of evolution is
Page 38 and 39: N3323NearcticPalaearcticOrientalNeo
Page 40 and 41: Biogeographic distributionsThere ar
Page 42 and 43: Vestigial structuresThose structure
Page 44 and 45: BiochemistryThe building blocks of
Page 46 and 47: By the middle and toward the end of
Page 48 and 49: mammalreptilefishThe diagrams above
Page 50 and 51: The evolution of evolutionA require
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Page 54 and 55: ecame abundant, evolving to take ad
Page 56 and 57: Case study 2: Southern Antarctic Be
Page 58 and 59: Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)A Swedi
Page 60 and 61: Charles Darwin (1809-1882)Charles D
Page 62 and 63: Example 2: A view of a nineteenth c
Page 64 and 65: 3 a) Adaptations for an area drying
Page 66 and 67: Your answers for the following ques
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Page 70 and 71: Exercise 1.2: An open-ended investi
Page 72 and 73: Exercise 1.5: Comparative anatomya)
Page 76 and 77: Exercise 1.7: The evolution of evol
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Page 81 and 82: IntroductionThe idea that offspring
Page 83 and 84: Gregor Mendel andhis workIt require
Page 85 and 86: Dominant and recessive traitsMendel
Page 87 and 88: Mendel’s conclusionsFrom his inve
Page 89 and 90: Here is a diagram to represent this
Page 91 and 92: Another exampleThe diagram below re
Page 93 and 94: Another reason for the absence of a
Page 95 and 96: • crossing a pure breeding recess
Page 97 and 98: Genotype and phenotypeIn Mendel’s
Page 99 and 100: Use Punnett squares to solve the fo
Page 101 and 102: Investigatinghuman variationYou hav
Page 103 and 104: DiscussionCompare your features wit
Page 105 and 106: 4 Repeat step 2 for the next genera
Page 107 and 108: Using a pedigree to investigatea tr
Page 109 and 110: Using a pedigree to makepredictions
Page 111 and 112: Dominant traits can get a bit trick
Page 113 and 114: The disadvantages of hybridisation
Page 115 and 116: 3 Yes, the ratios for traits in all
Page 117 and 118: 2+BBbBbBbbBbBbThe person will be br
Page 119 and 120: 3 a) Both parents must be heterozyg
Page 121 and 122: ) Mendel’s research was not recog
Page 123 and 124: Exercise 2.3: Mr Punnett and his sq
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Exercise 2.4: Using a pedigree to m
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2 Blueprint of life
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Hopefully you started growing your
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Sutton and BoveriRead the following
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Here are three homologous pairs of
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If you matched all the pairs of hum
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1 Compare the body cell and gamete.
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The duplication of chromosomesChrom
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The final separation of chromosomes
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Increasing variation - crossing ove
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ororThe possible gametes are shown
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You should now have a pair of pipe
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In the next step, the duplicated ch
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Modelling crossing overNow repeat t
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Take the challenge!Earlier in this
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When sex cellscombineYou have seen
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3 Predict the likelihood of genes A
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+Y_________________________________
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uncommon for both X chromosomes tha
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parentsF12childrenF 13 45 6 7 8 9gr
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A good example of incomplete domina
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Human heightOne of the impressive a
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ResultsPlant Height (cm) control gr
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46 Blueprint of life
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Gamete template48 Blueprint of life
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Gamete template52 Blueprint of life
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Morgan and his investigations of Dr
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The final separation of chromosomes
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) Half of the children will be girl
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Exercise 3.2: Take the challenge!a)
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Exercise 3.3: Sex leads to varietya
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RrRRrrRr RrIs this trait co-dominan
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IntroductionPeople once explained t
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4 Blueprint of life
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The main people responsible for the
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The structure of DNADNA is a chemic
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The transmissionof genesDNA is the
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The ‘one gene - one enzyme’ the
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There are also two types of RNA, ea
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Translation occurs on organelles in
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The genetic code for amino acidsThe
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What is the role of DNA?Hopefully,
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always work. Changes to DNA can be
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2 Why can mutations lead to new all
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environment. That feeling is now re
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acteria multiply very quickly and a
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The fossil record contains many lar
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suggesting that chimpanzees should
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sugarnitrogen basephosphateA nucleo
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TranscriptionDNAUAA C T G G AU AG C
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Exercise 4.2: DNA duplicationa) As
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Exercise 4.4: Polypeptide productio
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Exercise 4.6: Sickle cell anaemiaSi
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c) Give a named example of a classi
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Gill Sans BoldContentsIntroduction
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Gill Sans BoldIntroductionIf you ar
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Gill Sans BoldArtificial selectionT
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Gill Sans BoldHuman reproductive te
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Gill Sans BoldArtificial pollinatio
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Gill Sans Bold1donordonor cellA bod
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Gill Sans BoldTransgenic speciesDur
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Gill Sans BoldWhen a gene that prod
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Gill Sans BoldBt cottonBt cotton ha
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Gill Sans BoldGenetics and ethicsSc
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Gill Sans BoldGM products and label
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Gill Sans BoldAdditional resourcesT
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Gill Sans BoldAt present, the cotto
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Gill Sans BoldSuggested answersArti
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Gill Sans BoldExercises - Part 5Exe
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Gill Sans BoldExercise 5.2: Transge
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Gill Sans BoldExercise 5.3: Genetic
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Gene Technology Information Service
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IntroductionAt this stage you shoul
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Check your skillsHow confident are
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Test your skillsTest your skills by
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6 The following base sequence of DN
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12 Describe how amino acids, polype
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c) Would you expect all populations
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21 Histones are proteins that are e
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24 In pea pods, some pods are green
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Notice that blood groups A and B ca
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The marking guidelines for the ques
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The standard that you need to achie
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DNAA copy of part of a DNA code ist
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d) Crossing over results in a great
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a) competition for resources.______
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Part 2 - Patterns of inheritance1 O
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3 Explain the role of gamete format
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2 Outline, using a simple model, th
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6 Explain how an understanding of t
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Student evaluation of the moduleNam
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Blueprint of life - Millennium

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