Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)

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POP3 Short for Post Office Protocol, a protocolused to retrieve e-mail from a mail server. Still most e-mail applications use the POPprotocol, although some can use the newerIMAP (<strong>Internet</strong> Message Access Protocol). There are two versions of POP. The first, calledPOP2, became a standard in the mid-80's andrequires SMTP to send messages. The newerversion, POP3, can be used with or withoutSMTP. POP3 uses TCP/IP port 110.
POP3 protocolauthorization phaseclient commands: user: declare username pass: passwordserver responses +OK -ERRtransaction phase, client:list: list message numbersretr: retrieve message bynumberdele: deletequitS: +OK POP3 server readyC: user bobS: +OKC: pass hungryS: +OK user successfully logged onC: listS: 1 498S: 2 912S: .C: retr 1S: S: .C: dele 1C: retr 2S: S: .C: dele 2C: quitS: +OK POP3 server signing off
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Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)
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What is an Exchange Point Network A
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Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? Co
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Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? Mu
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Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? So
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Faculty Qualifications—PN• ONLY
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Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? Pe
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Internet Exchange Point SolutionEve
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Why use an IXP? PEERING Shared medi
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Why use an IXP? SAVES MONEY!!! Traf
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Exchange Point DesignISP 6ISP 5 ISP
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Peering at an IXP Each participant
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Exchange Point examples LINX in Lon
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DHCP: Dynamic HostConfiguration Pro
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DHCP client-server scenarioDHCP ser
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Computers use IP addresses.Why do w
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hosts.txt does not scale✗ Huge fi
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DNS is Hierarchical.(root)/ (root)u
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DNS: iterated queriesroot name serv
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Domain Names are (almost)unlimited
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Commonly seen ResourceRecords (RRs)
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Possible results from a Query POSIT
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DNS is a Client-Serverapplication (
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Three roles in DNS RESOLVERTakes re
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ROLE 1: THE RESOLVER A piece of sof
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How do you choose whichcache(s) to
Page 54 and 55: Example: Unix resolverconfiguration
Page 56 and 57: The trailing dot# dig lboro.ac.uk.
Page 58 and 59: Understanding output from dig STATU
Page 60 and 61: DNS recordsDNS: distributed db stor
Page 62 and 63: DNS protocol, messagesName, type fi
Page 64 and 65: HTTP overviewHTTP: hypertext transf
Page 66 and 67: HTTP connectionsNonpersistent HTTP
Page 68 and 69: Nonpersistent HTTP (cont.)5. HTTP c
Page 70 and 71: Persistent HTTPNonpersistent HTTP i
Page 72 and 73: HTTP request message:general format
Page 74 and 75: Method typesHTTP/1.0 GET POST HEADa
Page 76 and 77: HTTP response messagestatus line(pr
Page 78 and 79: Trying out HTTP (client side) for y
Page 80 and 81: Cookies: keeping “state” (cont.
Page 82 and 83: User-server interaction:authorizati
Page 84 and 85: Web caches (proxy server)Goal: sati
Page 86 and 87: Content distribution networks(CDNs)
Page 88 and 89: FTP(File Transfer Protocol)
Page 90 and 91: FTP: separate control, data connect
Page 92 and 93: E-Mail(SMTP, POP, IMAP)
Page 94 and 95: Electronic MailMail Serversmailbox
Page 96 and 97: Scenario: Alice sends messageto Bob
Page 98 and 99: Try SMTP interaction foryourself: t
Page 100 and 101: Mail message formatSMTP: protocol f
Page 102 and 103: MIME typesContent-Type: type/subtyp
Page 106 and 107: POP3 (more) and IMAPMore about POP3
Page 108 and 109: POP3 vs IMAPWith IMAP, all your mai
Page 110 and 111: EximExim is an open source mail tra
Page 112 and 113: NAT: Network AddressTranslation Mot
Page 114 and 115: Private Addresses
Page 116 and 117: NAT: Network AddressTranslationImpl
Page 118 and 119: NAT: Network AddressTranslation 16-
Page 120 and 121: Provider NATs? ConsideredHarmful156
Page 122 and 123: TURN protocol Protocol for UDP/TCP
Page 124 and 125: STUN (RFC 3489) Defines operations
Page 126 and 127: Configuring NAT in LinuxLinux uses
Page 128 and 129: Multimedia Networking
Page 130 and 131: GoalsPrinciples Classify multimedia
Page 132 and 133: Streaming stored multimedia Streami
Page 134 and 135: Streaming live multimediaExamples:
Page 136 and 137: A few words about audiocompression
Page 138 and 139: Packet loss and delay Network loss:
Page 140 and 141: How should the Internet evolveto be
Page 142 and 143: Principles for QOS Guarantees Examp
Page 144 and 145: Principles for QOS Guarantees Alloc
Page 146 and 147: Summary of QoS Principles
Page 148 and 149: Scheduling Policies: morePriority s
Page 150 and 151: Scheduling Policies: still moreWeig
Page 152 and 153: Diffserv ArchitectureEdge router: p
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Classification and Conditioning Pac
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Firewalls156
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Firewall goals All traffic from out
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Traditional packet filtersAnalyzes
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Access control listsApply rules fro
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Advantages and disadvantages oftrad
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Firewall lab: iptables iptables Pro
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iptables: Example commandiptables -
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iptables Options-p protocol type (t
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Firewall Lab: Part B Rules for outg
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Stateful filters: example Log each
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Demarcation Zone (DMZ)applicationga
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