Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)

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Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? Consider a region with one ISPThey provide internet connectivity to their customersThey have one or two international connections Internet grows, another ISP sets up incompetitionThey provide internet connectivity to their customersThey have one or two international connections How does traffic from customer of one ISP getto customer of the other ISP?Via the international connections
Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? Yes, International Connections… If satellite, RTT is around 550ms per hop So local traffic takes over 1s round trip International bandwidth… Costs order of magnitude or two more thandomestic bandwidth Becomes congested with local traffic Wastes money, harms performance
Page 1: Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)
Page 4 and 5: What is an Exchange Point Network A
Page 8 and 9: Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? Mu
Page 10 and 11: Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? So
Page 12 and 13: Faculty Qualifications—PN• ONLY
Page 14 and 15: Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? Pe
Page 16 and 17: Internet Exchange Point SolutionEve
Page 18 and 19: Why use an IXP? PEERING Shared medi
Page 20 and 21: Why use an IXP? SAVES MONEY!!! Traf
Page 22 and 23: Exchange Point DesignISP 6ISP 5 ISP
Page 24 and 25: Peering at an IXP Each participant
Page 26 and 27: Exchange Point examples LINX in Lon
Page 28 and 29: DHCP: Dynamic HostConfiguration Pro
Page 30 and 31: DHCP client-server scenarioDHCP ser
Page 32 and 33: Computers use IP addresses.Why do w
Page 34 and 35: hosts.txt does not scale✗ Huge fi
Page 36 and 37: DNS is Hierarchical.(root)/ (root)u
Page 38 and 39: DNS: iterated queriesroot name serv
Page 40 and 41: Domain Names are (almost)unlimited
Page 42 and 43: Commonly seen ResourceRecords (RRs)
Page 44 and 45: Possible results from a Query POSIT
Page 46 and 47: DNS is a Client-Serverapplication (
Page 48 and 49: Three roles in DNS RESOLVERTakes re
Page 50 and 51: ROLE 1: THE RESOLVER A piece of sof
Page 52 and 53: How do you choose whichcache(s) to
Page 54 and 55: Example: Unix resolverconfiguration
Page 56 and 57:
The trailing dot# dig lboro.ac.uk.
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Understanding output from dig STATU
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DNS recordsDNS: distributed db stor
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DNS protocol, messagesName, type fi
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HTTP overviewHTTP: hypertext transf
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HTTP connectionsNonpersistent HTTP
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Nonpersistent HTTP (cont.)5. HTTP c
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Persistent HTTPNonpersistent HTTP i
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HTTP request message:general format
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Method typesHTTP/1.0 GET POST HEADa
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HTTP response messagestatus line(pr
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Trying out HTTP (client side) for y
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Cookies: keeping “state” (cont.
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User-server interaction:authorizati
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Web caches (proxy server)Goal: sati
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Content distribution networks(CDNs)
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FTP(File Transfer Protocol)
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FTP: separate control, data connect
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E-Mail(SMTP, POP, IMAP)
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Electronic MailMail Serversmailbox
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Scenario: Alice sends messageto Bob
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Try SMTP interaction foryourself: t
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Mail message formatSMTP: protocol f
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MIME typesContent-Type: type/subtyp
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POP3 Short for Post Office Protocol
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POP3 (more) and IMAPMore about POP3
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POP3 vs IMAPWith IMAP, all your mai
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EximExim is an open source mail tra
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NAT: Network AddressTranslation Mot
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Private Addresses
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NAT: Network AddressTranslationImpl
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NAT: Network AddressTranslation 16-
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Provider NATs? ConsideredHarmful156
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TURN protocol Protocol for UDP/TCP
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STUN (RFC 3489) Defines operations
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Configuring NAT in LinuxLinux uses
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Multimedia Networking
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GoalsPrinciples Classify multimedia
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Streaming stored multimedia Streami
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Streaming live multimediaExamples:
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A few words about audiocompression
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Packet loss and delay Network loss:
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How should the Internet evolveto be
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Principles for QOS Guarantees Examp
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Principles for QOS Guarantees Alloc
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Summary of QoS Principles
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Scheduling Policies: morePriority s
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Scheduling Policies: still moreWeig
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Diffserv ArchitectureEdge router: p
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Classification and Conditioning Pac
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Firewalls156
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Firewall goals All traffic from out
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Traditional packet filtersAnalyzes
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Access control listsApply rules fro
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Advantages and disadvantages oftrad
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Firewall lab: iptables iptables Pro
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iptables: Example commandiptables -
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iptables Options-p protocol type (t
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Firewall Lab: Part B Rules for outg
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Stateful filters: example Log each
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Demarcation Zone (DMZ)applicationga
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Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)

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