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Putting these two together allows us to call a method of an object. The method callexpression object.method(arguments) is evaluated from left to right—that is, Pythonwill first fetch the method of the object, and then call it, passing in the arguments. Ifthe method computes a result, it will come back as the result of the entire methodcallexpression.As you’ll see throughout this part of the book, most objects have callable methods,and all are accessed using this same method-call syntax. To call an object method, youhave to go through an existing object. Let’s move on to some examples to see how.String Method Examples: Changing StringsTable 7-4 summarizes the call patterns for built-in string methods (be sure to checkPython’s standard library manual for the most up-to-date list, or run a help call onany string interactively). String methods in this table implement higher-level operationssuch as splitting and joining, case conversions, content tests, and substringsearches.Table 7-4. String method callsS.capitalize( )S.ljust(width)S.center(width) S.lower( )S.count(sub [, start [, end]]) S.lstrip( )S.encode([encoding [,errors]])S.replace(old, new [, maxsplit])S.endswith(suffix [, start [, end]]) S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]])S.expandtabs([tabsize])S.rindex(sub [, start [, end]])S.find(sub [, start [, end]])S.rjust(width)S.index(sub [, start [, end]]) S.rstrip( )S.isalnum( )S.split([sep [,maxsplit]])S.isalpha( )S.splitlines([keepends])S.isdigit( )S.startswith(prefix [, start [, end]])S.islower( ) S.strip( )S.isspace( ) S.swapcase( )S.istitle( ) S.title( )S.isupper( )S.translate(table [, delchars])S.join(seq) S.upper( )Now, let’s work through some code that demonstrates some of the most commonlyused methods in action, and illustrates Python text-processing basics along the way.As we’ve seen, because strings are immutable, they cannot be changed in-placedirectly. To make a new text value from an existing string, you construct a new stringwith operations such as slicing and concatenation. For example, to replace two charactersin the middle of a string, you can use code like this:144 | Chapter 7: Strings