the past and the present of book publishing in kurdish language in ...

neighbourhoods such as Gazi and Bağcılar in Istanbul and sell the books ondeferred payments. The youngsters get 20 % of the sales (65).Publishers like Aram, Kürt Enstitüsü, Komal, Deng, connected to politicalorganizations have an advantage in terms of distribution because theirsupporters and committees also sell their books.There are publishers who try different approaches. Together withorganizations which work with bookshops, the municipalities and culturalorganizations in various provinces and administrative districts, Lîspublishers organize literary events like poetry evenings and literarydiscussions devoted to its writers. At such events readers have direct contactwith writers and at the same time buy books (66).Some authors sell a part of their own books and give the money from thesales to the publishers. Some authors even pay for their publishing expenses,sell some of the copies and give the money from the sales to the publishers.Publishers usually use cargo services to send books to other cities.Mailing of books and periodicals is cheaper than that of other goods. Thereare also books distributed for free which is called “protocol” by Kurdishpublishers. The number of such books varries between 20 and 200. Thesefree books are sent to writers, newspapers, websites, distributors andorganizations. Many Kurdish publishers send books to prisoners free ofcharge and some donate books to libraries.The owner of Aram publishing house says that they have published a fewbooks which were financially supported by the local governments. Thesebooks, with a print run of 2000 each were given to the local governmentswhich distributed them among the population for free. These are rare cases.However rare one does come across people who financially supportKurdish book publishing.Some publishers send books to Kurdish organizations in SouthernKurdistan (Iraq) and in Europe for free. Nûbihar Publishing House, the onlyKurdish publisher of religious books, sends some books to Kurdishmagazines and authors in Iran.313.4.2.1 Book distribution abroad3.4.2.1.1 In EuropeIt was very difficult to send Kurdish books to Europe by mail or throughcustoms control before the changing of the law in 2003. The police and otherofficials created big problems for Kurdish publications or did not let them gothrough (67). The owner of Nûbihar Publishing House says that in 1996 he