NORMAL LABOUR

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PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF <strong>LABOUR</strong>(I) On the Mother :(A) First stage:minimal effects.(B) Second stage:- Temperature: slight rise to 37.5oC.- Pulse: increases up to 100/min.- Blood pressure: systolic blood pressure may rise slightly due to pain, anxietyand stress.- Oedema and congestion of the conjuctiva.- Minor injuries: to the birth canal and perineum may occur particularly inrimigravidas.(C) Third stage:Blood loss from the placental site is 100-200 ml and from laceration orepisiotomy is 100 ml so the total average blood loss in normal labour is 250 ml.
(II) On the Foetus:(A) Moulding:The physiological gradual overlapping of the vault bones as theskull is compressed during its passage in the birth canal.One parietal bone overlaps the other and both overlap theoccipital and frontal bones so fontanelles are no moredetectable. It is of a good value in reducing the skull diametersbut;severe and / or rapid moulding is dangerous as it may causeintracranial haemorrhage.
Page 5 and 6: Cause of Onset of Labour:It is unkn
Page 7 and 8: (4) Oxytocin theory:Although oxytoc
Page 9: Clinical Picture Of Labour(A) Prodr
Page 12: (1) True labour pain.(B) Onset of L
Page 17: First Stage:Phases of cervical dila
Page 20 and 21: (1) Descent:Second Stage:(A) Delive
Page 22 and 23: Lever action producing ftexion of t
Page 24: (6) Restitution:After delivery, the
Page 27 and 28: (III) Third stage:- It is the stage
Page 31 and 32: Clinical History• Review of the p
Page 33 and 34: B-Pelvic examination using sterile
Page 35 and 36: WorkupAs soon as the mother arrives
Page 38 and 39: Objectives• Early detection of ab
Page 40 and 41: Part 1 : Fetal condition• this pa
Page 47 and 48: Part111: maternal conditionAssess m
Page 49 and 50: Between alert and action lines• I
Page 51 and 52: POINTS TOREMEMBER:: USING THE PARTO
Page 53 and 54: Monitor HR:::………A-External fe
Page 55 and 56: Second stage management: Fetal hear
Page 57 and 58: Ritgen maneuver / 2 nd stage
Page 59 and 60: Fourth stage managementCare of the
Page 61 and 62: The presence of caput indicates tha

NORMAL LABOUR

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