NORMAL LABOUR

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(1) Descent:Second Stage:(A) Delivery of the head:It is continuous throughout labour particularly during the second stage andcaused by:a. Uterine contractions and retractions.b. The auxiliary forces brought by contraction of the diaphragm andabdominal muscles.c. The unfolding of the foetus(2) Engagement:The head normally engages in the oblique or transverse diameter of theinlet.
(3) Increased flexion:increased flexion of the head occurs when it meets the pelvic flooraccording to the lever theory.Increased flexion results in :a. The suboccipito - bregmatic diameter (9.5cm) passes through thebirth canal instead of the suboccipito- frontal diameter (10 cm).b. The part of the foetal head applied to the maternal passages is likea ball. The circumference of this ball is 30 cm.c. The occiput will meet the pelvic floor.
Page 5 and 6: Cause of Onset of Labour:It is unkn
Page 7 and 8: (4) Oxytocin theory:Although oxytoc
Page 9: Clinical Picture Of Labour(A) Prodr
Page 12: (1) True labour pain.(B) Onset of L
Page 15 and 16: (II) On the Foetus:(A) Moulding:The
Page 17: First Stage:Phases of cervical dila
Page 22 and 23: Lever action producing ftexion of t
Page 24: (6) Restitution:After delivery, the
Page 27 and 28: (III) Third stage:- It is the stage
Page 31 and 32: Clinical History• Review of the p
Page 33 and 34: B-Pelvic examination using sterile
Page 35 and 36: WorkupAs soon as the mother arrives
Page 38 and 39: Objectives• Early detection of ab
Page 40 and 41: Part 1 : Fetal condition• this pa
Page 47 and 48: Part111: maternal conditionAssess m
Page 49 and 50: Between alert and action lines• I
Page 51 and 52: POINTS TOREMEMBER:: USING THE PARTO
Page 53 and 54: Monitor HR:::………A-External fe
Page 55 and 56: Second stage management: Fetal hear
Page 57 and 58: Ritgen maneuver / 2 nd stage
Page 59 and 60: Fourth stage managementCare of the
Page 61 and 62: The presence of caput indicates tha

NORMAL LABOUR

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