PRE-PUBLICA TION EDITION - Nelson Education

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Science, Technology, Society,and the Environment (STSE)Science and technology are very different activities,but we often hear about them together. This isbecause they are closely related and often go handin hand. Scientists rely on technologies to furthertheir research, and technologists rely on scientiststo understand the scientific basis of technologicaldevelopments.A Partnership: Science andTechnologyScientific research produces knowledge, orunderstanding of natural phenomena. Technologistsand engineers look for ways to apply this knowledgein the development of practical products andprocesses. For example, scientists want to know howdifferent materials affect the transmission of X-rays(Figure 3). Technologists and engineers focus onusing that knowledge to explore inside solid objects,including the human body. Scientists use technologiesin their research. Engineers and technologists may usescientific knowledge and principles when designingand developing new technologies.Figure 3 Knowing that X-rays do not pass through dense materialsuch as bones, technologists designed machines that use X-rays andfilm or a computer to provide an internal view of the human body.In some cases, technological inventions andinnovations occur before the scientific principles areknown. For example, practitioners of early traditionalmedicine used specific plants to treat specific conditionslong before modern medical professionals understoodhow the chemicals in these plants affected human bodyfunctions. In other cases, scientific discoveries are madebecause of technological inventions. For example, theinvention of glass lenses led to the development of earlymicroscopes (Figure 4), which allowed scientists to seemicro-organisms that cause diseases.DID YOU KNOW?Discovery of BacteriaAnton van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), a Dutch scientist with noformal education, designed many simple microscopes, which enabledhim to discover bacteria. He described them as “incredibly small, nayso small, in my sight, that I judged that even if 100 of these very weeanimals lay stretched out one against another, they could not reach tothe length of a grain of coarse sand.”go to nelson scienceFigure 4 The development ofthe light microscope followedthe understanding of thestructure and behaviour ofglass lenses.The invention of glass lenses also led tothe development of telescopes, which allowedastronomers to observe our solar system and theuniverse. The telescope, in turn, led to more accurateastronomical observations and measurements, whichcontributed to the change from an Earth-centredscientific model of the universe to a Sun-centredmodel. Many other technologies, including thethermometer and the computer, have greatly helpedthe advancement of science. You can see how scienceand technology often support each other.Sometimes, technological inventions followscientific discoveries (Table 1 on page 655). Forexample, the television was invented after scientistshad created theories to explain the structure of theatom and understood electrons, current electricity,and electromagnetism. The relationship betweenscience and technology is mutually beneficial;scientific discoveries lead to technological advances,which lead to further scientific discoveries, and so on.654 What Is Science? NEL
You may have heard in the media that somedisease-causing bacteria are becoming resistantto antibiotics. Viruses are another form of microorganism(Figure 5). Scientists recently discoveredmore about how viruses make, package, and insertgenetic information into living cells. With thisknowledge, technologists can design a virus that willseek out and kill disease-causing bacteria.Figure 5 The Influenza-A virusTable 1 Examples of the Science–Technology RelationshipScience Technology ExampleBiologists learn how the heartfunctions.Engineers and technologists designreplacement valves and artificialhearts.Replacement heart valveChemists learn about the structureof materials.Engineers and technologists designuseful products, using materials withsuitable properties.New materials such asKevlar or Zylon, used inprotective gearEarth scientists observe how radiowaves are reflected off differentsurfaces, such as snow and rock.Technologists use satellite radarimaging to view Earth from space.Satellite image ofa coastlinePhysicists discover how light behaveswhen it passes through or reflects offdifferent materials.Technologists design lenses andmirrors for telescopes, microscopes,and other optical devices.Optical telescopeNEL Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment (STSE) 655
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PRE-PUBLICATION EDITIONThis is DRAF
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appendix ASkillsHandbook598 Skills
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1Safe Science1.A. Having a Safe Att
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• Make sure your cutting instrume
Page 10 and 11: 2Scientific Tools and EquipmentSele
Page 12 and 13: f2.D.1. Microscope SkillsThe basic
Page 14 and 15: The following steps can be used to
Page 16 and 17: 3Scientific Inquiry Skills3.A. Thin
Page 18 and 19: 3.B.3. Predicting and Hypothesizing
Page 20 and 21: Scientific DrawingsScientific drawi
Page 22 and 23: 3.B.9. CommunicatingWhen you plan a
Page 24 and 25: 4Research SkillsIn modern society,
Page 26 and 27: 4.B.2. Evaluating Internet Resource
Page 28 and 29: Once you have completed your resear
Page 30 and 31: 5Using Mathematics in ScienceEffect
Page 32 and 33: 5.B. Solving NumericalProblems Usin
Page 34 and 35: 5.D. Uncertainty inMeasurementThere
Page 36 and 37: 5.D.2. Measurement ErrorsThere are
Page 38 and 39: Scientific NotationOn many calculat
Page 40 and 41: 6Data Tables and GraphsData tables
Page 42 and 43: 6.B. Using Computers forGraphingYou
Page 44 and 45: • Take responsibility for your ow
Page 46 and 47: 7.C. Good Study HabitsStudying take
Page 48 and 49: 8.B. Graphic OrganizersDiagrams tha
Page 50 and 51: To Show Properties or Characteristi
Page 52 and 53: 10Periodic Table11 1+1-31Hhydrogen1
Page 54 and 55: appendix bWhat IsScience?648 What I
Page 56 and 57: This is a valid research method, bu
Page 58 and 59: Myths and Urban LegendsThere are ma
Page 62 and 63: Science, Technology,and SocietyYou
Page 64: COMPONENTSISBNStudent Text 978-0-17
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