fellowship affairs featureDiving <strong>and</strong> Hyperbaric Medicine:Roundtable discussionContinuedAt a purely theoretical level,anaesthetists are best positioned toperform this job. With regard to the actualanaesthetic skills, the sort of generalpurpose anaesthetic skills like intubation<strong>and</strong> ventilation <strong>and</strong> the maintenance ofanaesthesia during procedures are possiblyof slightly less relevance. But again, ananaesthetist is a very useful individualto have around the chamber when youare dealing with critically-ill patientspotentially coming down from the intensivecare unit, ventilated with invasive lines<strong>and</strong> requiring for organ support during thehyperbaric treatment, so I would see thoseas areas of similarity.IM: Diving <strong>and</strong> hyperbaric medicineitself is actually two rather differentspecialties. Diving medicine involves takingan acutely unwell, acutely injured patient<strong>and</strong> coming to a differential diagnosis<strong>and</strong> managing appropriate treatment.Hyperbaric medicine is moreof an ongoing treatment in a very differenttype of population to the divers. Bothareas are quite different to the practiceof anaesthesia. One area of relevance toanaesthesia is in the acute managementof divers, which may involve a complexretrieval process <strong>and</strong> often anaesthetistsor critical care practitioners are wellversed in retrieval issues.MW: The bulk of our patients havechronic wounds or radiation injuriesthat we’re treating, <strong>and</strong> a lot of them aremedically quite unwell. Anaesthetists havethe skill of being able to assess people’smedial conditions <strong>and</strong> make sure that theyare stable <strong>and</strong> everything’s optimised asfar as medical treatment is concerned,<strong>and</strong> we can then anticipate their responseto increased atmospheric pressure <strong>and</strong>gas density. It’s similar to a preoperativeassessment. With respect to Ian’s previouscomment about intensive care patients,there are some units that treat a lot ofintubated ventilated patients. For example,at the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne theyare running some special trauma researchprojects where they actually have a lotof critically ill ICU patients treated intheir chamber. Their chamber is locatednext door to the ICU, <strong>and</strong> they utilisetheir ICU <strong>and</strong> anaesthetic registrars quitesignificantly to run the hyperbaric unit.DC: The Alfred would probably be anexception to that rule. Certainly here inHobart I’m the only intensive care specialistin town with an interest in diving <strong>and</strong>hyperbaric medicine. There’s a moderateamount of further education necessary forme to convince some of my ICU colleaguesof the potential for benefit from hyperbaricoxygen treatment.What opportunity is there forresearch or completing formal projects?DC: There are loads of opportunities; thething that we lack is the time <strong>and</strong> the moneyto do it. This is a field of medicine that lendsitself to research. There are huge numbersof unanswered questions regardingeverything from basic physiology to cellularbehaviour under hyperbaric conditions.Unfortunately most hyperbaric units arerunning on very small numbers of FTEs sopeople have significant other calls on theirtime which prevent them from doing thissort of research. Also, because hyperbaricoxygen as a drug isn’t patentable, there’svery little industry sponsorship availableto fund these big trials. Although there islots of potential for research there are just acouple of small limiting factors that getin the way at the moment.MW: Having said that, all of ourregistrars have easily been able to completetheir formal projects in their six-monthattachments. There are lots of opportunitiesfor research. There are many internationaltrials running at the moment which it ispossible to join. There’s a lot of theoreticalphysiological work also. One of our localrespiratory physicians is very interestedin using our chamber to look at cellularbehaviour in cystic fibrosis, for example.There are lots of non-hyperbaric medicineapplications available for research <strong>and</strong>certainly it’s one of the big areas where a lotof research is currently being done.IM: I would add there is a greatopportunity for anaesthetic registrars tocomplete their formal project requirementfor anaesthetic training. The Diving <strong>and</strong>Hyperbaric Medicine journal of the SouthPacific Underwater Medical Society ishopefully going to be indexed on Medlinevery soon, so a publication in that journalcould be considered for the anaestheticformal project.Has training in diving <strong>and</strong> hyperbaricmedicine affected your progress inanaesthesia training?IM: I suppose the main issue is timeaway from anaesthetics <strong>and</strong> practicallygiving anaesthetics. My experience isthat one seems to deskill in anaesthesiaas a trainee very, very quickly so I’m a bitworried about returning to anaesthetics.However, this unit is good in that we gettime off to attend anaesthetic tutorials orto attend theatre during the week. So theremay be a period of deskilling but I think theoverall benefits outweigh that.MW: It’s probably no different to doinga term in emergency medicine or even goingto ICU for a term as far as maintainingclinical anaesthesia skills goes.DC: Likewise with pain medicine.MW: You’re still exposed to patients <strong>and</strong>you’re still doing clinical work, you’re justnot actually in theatre putting people off tosleep <strong>and</strong> waking them up. Although it’s abit of a break away from anaesthesia, I don’tthink it impedes your progress in training.I think it’s just another one of thoseoptional rotational turns that can giveyou a bit of a broader education.DC: I certainly think the majority oftrainees in diving <strong>and</strong> hyperbaric medicinethat I have seen come through this unitor have met elsewhere have been welladvanced in their training programs. Inmany cases they’re doing it post-part twoexamination <strong>and</strong> they work it into theirtraining as an elective-type term in theirfellowship. Certainly when I did my firstregistrar rotation here, which was sixmonths, I already had both the intensivecare fellowship <strong>and</strong> the anaesthetic parttwo examination <strong>and</strong> I think a lot of othertrainees fit a similar pattern.Has exposure to diving <strong>and</strong>hyperbaric medicine affected yourfuture career pathway?IM: Okay, well I’ll start with that, beingthe most junior here. This exposure hasgiven me further interest in the area <strong>and</strong> itmay well be that I attempt to do some diving<strong>and</strong> hyperbaric medicine as a consultant.38The <strong>ANZCA</strong> <strong>Bulletin</strong> <strong>June</strong> <strong>2009</strong>
DC: As someone who’s slightly furtheralong his career path, I would hope that itwould give me the opportunity to move intodiving <strong>and</strong> hyperbaric medicine on a morepermanent sort of basis. The difficulty is,of course, that there’s only a small numberof chambers around the country, so fulltime positions in diving <strong>and</strong> hyperbaricmedicine are a rare commodity indeed.Most of the time you are left with thedifficulty of having a part-time commitmentto hyperbaric medicine <strong>and</strong> also workingpart-time in another department. Workingacross a couple of departments can lead topotential conflict in terms of rostering <strong>and</strong>requirements between the departments.I would very much like to do morehyperbaric medicine.MW: From my point of view, I’ve beendoing hyperbaric medicine since 1989when I started as a very junior registrar. Inow work primarily in private anaestheticpractice <strong>and</strong> I come to the public hospitalone day a week <strong>and</strong> do hyperbaricmedicine. It’s quite nice to have contactwith the public sector – a change in pace<strong>and</strong> a chance to do some research, which isnot really possible in private practice. Fromthat point of view it’s fitted quite well intomy career path.Most of the consultants who work parttimein our unit are working here one daya week or one day a fortnight. We havea number of people on our roster so wehave a pool of people with expertise whocome in on a rostered basis. That meansthat everyone keeps their skills up <strong>and</strong>keeps their interest level going, has anopportunity to be involved in researchprojects, <strong>and</strong> can cover for after hoursemergencies so it works quite well.How have you found the overalltraining, <strong>and</strong> do you have anysuggestions for improvement in trainingin diving <strong>and</strong> hyperbaric medicine?IM: So far I’ve enjoyed the training <strong>and</strong>I’ve got a great deal out of it. The researchopportunity as mentioned has been veryuseful for me. I’ve also had the opportunityto go on courses <strong>and</strong> the recent SouthPacific Underwater Medicine Societyconference. So far, two-thirds of my waythrough, I’ve found it very interesting <strong>and</strong>very useful. I think it may be a little bit earlyfor me to suggest improvements.DC: As somebody that’s still jumpingthrough the hoops of the training program,I think the training itself is good fun – it’sinteresting, intellectually stimulating<strong>and</strong> offers a large range of opportunitiesfor people to sort of grow <strong>and</strong> develop aseither clinicians or researchers. The majordownside that I have found, however,has been doing it part-time. I’m now nineyears post-fellowship <strong>and</strong> I’m coming upto doing another college examination as amoderately experienced consultant <strong>and</strong> it’shard to get back into the mindset <strong>and</strong> grindof examination preparation. I think thatthe part-time training has the potential tobe a disincentive to future trainees doingthe <strong>College</strong> certificate. I would recommendthat if people are intent upon doing the<strong>College</strong> certificate that they try <strong>and</strong> get itdone in a much shorter period of time thanI have taken over it. But that will, of course,depend on the availability of FTEs on thepayroll of the various units.MW: Although I received my certificateas a “gr<strong>and</strong>father”, I did have to show thatI had satisfied the requirements <strong>and</strong> ithad also taken me about five years to getthe required number of FTEs up doing itpart-time. I think the major thing with anytraining program is the patient case load<strong>and</strong> depending on which unit you work inyou may be exposed to a large number ofpatients with a certain condition but not somuch of another. In our unit there’s a lotof exposure to wound care <strong>and</strong> radiationinjury <strong>and</strong> not so much exposure to divinginjury because at the moment we seem tohave our divers behaving themselves <strong>and</strong>not getting injured. On the other h<strong>and</strong>, inTownsville they treat a large number ofscuba divers in their unit, due to the largenumber of divers on the reef. If you were togo to the Alfred you’d get to look after a lotof patients that are intubated <strong>and</strong> ventilatedso it really depends on where you’re doingyour training as to what kind of exposureyou get.IM: A formal rotation around thedifferent units may be of benefit.MW: I would suggest an attachment toanother unit which has a different kindof case load so you can get to see somedifferent sorts of patients. At the momentthat’s all still evolving, <strong>and</strong> we’re stillaccrediting units for the entire periodof training, because it doesn’t seem tobe a practical problem at the moment.Above: Dr Ian Maddox in the chamber.The <strong>ANZCA</strong> <strong>Bulletin</strong> <strong>June</strong> <strong>2009</strong> 39