ISSUE 152 : Jan/Feb - 2002 - Australian Defence Force Journal

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62AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE JOURNAL NO. 152 JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2002win, but the subjects of the training learn fromthe experience. In a demonstration, the roles ofboth sides are choreographed to a certainextent. The audience is external to theparticipants in the demonstration, no benefitaccrues to the participants. In experimentation,the role of both teams should be essentially thesame as that on operations – to attempt todefeat the other. In this way the syntheticexperience is built up. Thus the target is bothteams, and AARs extract the militaryexperience to evaluate the concept under test.4. The Battlelab was distinct from the physicalentities of the US and was a term used todescribe the process (Bowley 1999).5. Measurements that relate to performance areinevitably made, but are used to key theanalysts to activities of and relationshipsbetween entities performing the “unexpected”.6. Personal correspondence from R. Worley.7. It should be noted that field trials in particularusing stressful scenarios inevitably involved adelicate balance (not always achieved) betweenthe stress of the scenario and the best militaryjudgement of commanders who justifiablyargued that “I wouldn’t do it that way, it isn’tthe best approach etc.”REFERENCES:Australian Army. Army Experimental Framework.1999.Bowley D. and Lovaszy Major S. Use of CombatSimulations and Wargames in AnalyticalStudies. Proceedings of SimTecT 99 (1999).Bowley D. Restructuring of the Army Task ForceTrials Scientific Framework Paper. DSTO-GD-0169. May 1999.Curtis N. and Bowley D. Hierarchical Systems ofEnquiry for Analysis of the Land Force. 15thNational Conference of the Australian Societyfor Operations Research, May 1999.CA Directive 12/97 dated 3 October 1997.CGS Directive 13/96 dated 20 December 1996.Gold Dr T. Presentation. IDA.Grisogono A.M. and Teffera E. Toward a SyntheticEnvironment Design Methodology. Proceedingsof SimTecT 00 (2000).K97-00214 LCAUST RTA Trials Management Plandated 7 Nov 97.Kuhn T.S.; The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.3rd Ed 1996.Macquarie Dictionary, 3rd edition.Navy Warfare Development Command, MaritimeBattle Centre.University of South Australia Advanced OperationalTest and Evaluation Course Notes. ProfessorHoivik (USNPGS Monteray).Seymour R.S., Grisogono A.M., Unewisse M., TailbyD., Rees L. and James P. The Role of SyntheticEnvironments in C4ISR Modelling andSimulation. 5th International Command andControl Research and Technology Symposium24-26 Oct 2000.Seymour R.S., Unewisse M., Grisogono A.M., JamesP., Kirby B.J. and Yue Y. Application ofSystem-of-System Development Methodology toAdvanced Land Command and ControlConcepts, Australian Battlespace DigitisationSymposium 26-28 July 2000.Unewisse M.: Proceedings of the BattlefieldDigitisation Symposium DSTO 00 (2000).US Naval Warfare Development Command,Maritime Battle Centre.Worley R. What does Military Experimentation ReallyMean. Institute of Defence Analysis – presentationto JAWP Working Group June 1999.Dean Bowley graduated from the Royal Military College Duntroon in 1984 with a BSc and received a GraduateDiploma in Fighting Vehicle Technology from the Royal Military College of Science (UK) in 1988. He has been workingat DSTO since February 1995 after 13 years service in the Australian Army. As Head RTA Studies in 1997 and 1998,he delivered DSTO’s major programme for RTA. He is currently Head of Group in the Military SystemsExperimentation Branch at DSTO Edinburgh.Michael Brennan completing his PhD in Atomic Physics in 1986 at Flinders University, after which he worked inZurich at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, where Monte Carlo and experimental techniques were used to studystrongly electron attaching gases. He returned to Australia in 1988 as a Post-Doctoral Fellow in the Research School ofPhysical Sciences at the Australian National University. Michael joined LSOD of DSTO as a Research Scientist inOctober 1995 to conduct Monte Carlo simulations of the Laser Airborne Depth Sounder and research other problemsrelated to underwater light propagation. He has worked in the United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory andas OIC of the analysis cell in the Land Operations Analysis Team as part of Australia's commitment to INTERFET. Hecurrently leads the LOD Task Force Modernisation Mission.
Reviews63TRACY by Gary McKayPublished by Allen & Unwin, 5 October2001;RRP $24.95, Softcover.Reviewed by Ms Fiona Caspersz.Tracy is a book aboutordinary people thrustinto an extraordinarysituation whichdemanded their all andgave them nothing butdevastation in return.Gary McKay wassent to assist with theclean-up operation after Cyclone Tracy torethrough Darwin on Christmas Eve 1974. InTracy he has brought together the stories ofthose who survived the nightmare.Cyclone Tracy wound her way from aninauspicious start in the Arafura Sea throughthe centre of Darwin and destroyed all in herpath. No one, apart from the weathermen,took the gathering storm too seriously until itwas upon them and there was no escape.Everyone was busy with their Christmaspreparations and, in the midst of cookingturkeys, last minute shopping and festivedrinks, she was upon them wreaking havoc,panic and destroying all in her path. TheTerritorians weren’t complacent or foolhardy,they’d simply seen it all before: cyclonesalways started out at sea then headed southwest along the coast keeping well away fromDarwin. A few days of strong winds andheavy rain were the worst they expected andwith the holiday season upon them no onewas concerned about the storm brewing out atsea. In some ways this lack of panic savedthem; natural instinct was to protect their ownbecause no one believed the storm had hitanywhere other than their home. Those whosurvived the onslaught were mentally andphysically scarred and their city was destroyedbeyond belief. They looked out to see if Santahad visited during the night and saw instead ableak landscape littered with debris.In Tracy Gary McKay paints a vivid pictureof events which led to the cyclone hit onDarwin, the ease with which lives were wipedout and the horrific aftermath whichconfronted the survivors that Christmasmorning. Tracy is well written and so easy toread it’s difficult to believe it’s a record of factand not fiction. The book is only 205 pages, awet weekend or a couple of sunny afternoonsin the garden will see it through; no one whostarts Tracy will be able to put it down halffinished. Read it and read it again to fullyabsorb the horror of the time; this is the stuffof a movie-maker’s imagination, not the resultof a natural phenomenon.CODE BREAKERS – THE INSIDE STORYby F.H Hinsley and Alan Stripp (OxfordUniversity Press)Reviewed by Colin BlairFor those who havedelved into thefascinating world ofwartime code breaking,this is essential reading.Code Breakers is actuallya collection of essayswritten in varying stylesby the people whoplayed a part in successfully “cracking”German and Japanese communication codesthroughout the Second World War.The dedicated men and women whoworked in utmost secrecy at the GovernmentCommunication Headquarters at BletchleyPark, a former stately home outside London,arguably helped shorten WWII by two or moreyears.
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ISSUE 152 : Jan/Feb - 2002 - Australian Defence Force Journal

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