Confined Spaces - Workplace Safety and Health Council

7.4.1 STAGE 1 — Application of Entry Permit by Supervisor 217.4.2 STAGE 2 — Evaluation by Confined Space Safety Assessor 217.4.3 STAGE 3 — Issuance by Authorised Manager 217.4.4 STAGE 4 — Posting of Entry Permit 217.5 Display of Entry Permit 227.6 Review and Endorsement of Entry Permit 227.7 Revocation of Entry Permit 227.8 Re-certification of Confined Spaces 227.9 Record Keeping 237.10 Control of Hazardous Energy 237.10.1 Energy Isolation and Lockout 237.10.2 Forms of Hazardous Energy 247.11 General Requirements 247.11.1 Openings of Confined Spaces 247.11.2 Barricade 247.11.3 Communication/Warning Signs 247.11.4 Confined Space Attendant (CSA) 257.11.5 Access and Egress 257.11.6 Display of Name and Identification Badge 257.11.7 Communication 267.11.8 Lighting and Electrical Equipment 267.11.9 Respiratory Protective Equipment 277.11.10 Gas Testing and Monitoring of the Confined Space Atmosphere 317.11.11 What to Test and What are the Acceptable Limits 327.11.12 Types of Testing Methods/Equipment 327.11.13 Testing Procedures and Considerations 337.11.14 Continuous Monitoring and Frequency of Tests 367.11.15 Maintenance of Equipment (General) 367.12 Purging and Ventilation 427.12.1 Purging 427.12.2 Ventilation 438. Emergency and Rescue Procedures 518.1 Establishment of Rescue Operation Plans 518.2 Rescue Arrangements 518.3 Rescue Considerations 528.3.1 Characteristics when Deciding the Appropriate Rescue Plan 528.3.2 Conducting of Drills 538.4 Rescue Logistics 538.5 Training of Rescue Personnel 558.6 Provision of Rescue Equipment 558.6.1 Supplied Air-breathing Apparatus 568.6.2 Full Body Harness with Lifeline 568.6.3 Hoist/Retrieval System 568.6.4 Resuscitating Equipment 568.6.5 Personal Protective Equipment 578.6.6 Availability and Maintenance 578.7 Provision of Safety Data Sheet 589. Training for Personnel Involved in Confined Space Entry and Work 599.1 Personnel to be Trained 599.2 Planning an Effective Training Programme 609.3 Elements of Training and Training Courses 609.3.1 Key Elements of Training 619.3.2 Training Courses 649.4 Criteria for Training, Refresher or Supplementary Training 649.5 Competency of Trainers 649.6 Assessment of Training 6510. Annexes 6610.1 Annex 1: Guidelines for Welding in Confined Spaces 6610.1.1 Local Exhaust Ventilation System 6610.1.2 Dilution or Forced Ventilation 6610.2 Annex 2: Guidelines for Painting in Confined Spaces 6610.2.1 Spray Painting 6610.2.2 Brush and Roller Painting 6610.3 Annex 3: Sample of Confined Space Entry Permit 6710.4 Annex 4: Sample Flowchart of Permit Application 6910.5 Annex 5: Sample of Risk Assessment 7010.6 Annex 6: Energy Isolation and Lockout Methods 7410.6.1 Lockout Devices 7410.6.2 Methods of Isolation from Contaminants 7510.6.3 Methods of Isolation from Moving Parts 7610.6.4 Removal of Means of Isolation 7610.7 Annex 7: Confined Space Plan Checklist 7711. Case Studies 8011.1 Case 1: Explosion from Chemical Storage Tank 8011.2 Case 2: Exposure to Phosgene Gas during Gas Testing 8111.3 Case 3: Toxic Poisoning in Food Reactor 8211.4 Case 4: Death by Suffocation 8312. Acknowledgements 8513. References 8614. List of Figures 8815. List of Tables 902 3