07030/2010/576173/SER/C2 263.1. Waste <strong>management</strong> operati<strong>on</strong>s covered by the DirectivesThe guidance documents <strong>on</strong> <strong>permitting</strong> <strong>and</strong> inspecti<strong>on</strong>s <strong>and</strong> theaccompanying manual should in particular focus <strong>on</strong> the most relevant<strong>waste</strong> <strong>management</strong> operati<strong>on</strong>s. Therefore, this chapter aims at identifyingthe most relevant facilities <strong>and</strong> sites in the light <strong>of</strong> their relevance related tothe Directives in focus <strong>of</strong> the study (WFD, L<strong>and</strong>fill, RoHS <strong>and</strong> WEEEDirectives), <strong>and</strong> if possible, in relati<strong>on</strong> to their current existence in the EU.The following paragraphs document the <strong>waste</strong> operati<strong>on</strong>s covered by theDirectives <strong>and</strong> analyses available data regarding the existence <strong>of</strong> <strong>waste</strong>facilities <strong>and</strong> sites. The chapter closes with an overview <strong>on</strong> the <strong>waste</strong><strong>management</strong> operati<strong>on</strong>s addressed by this guidance.Article 3 WFD defines the principle terms <strong>of</strong> <strong>waste</strong> <strong>management</strong>. Accordingto this definiti<strong>on</strong> <strong>waste</strong> <strong>management</strong> means the “collecti<strong>on</strong>, transport,recovery <strong>and</strong> disposal <strong>of</strong> <strong>waste</strong>”. Further, Article 4 WFD introduces the<strong>waste</strong> hierarchy promoting <strong>waste</strong> preventi<strong>on</strong>, followed by preparing for reuse,recycling, other recovery (e.g. energy recovery) <strong>and</strong> disposal. Thus, thecomplete set <strong>of</strong> <strong>waste</strong> <strong>management</strong> operati<strong>on</strong>s is covered by the WFD,including:gathering <strong>of</strong> <strong>waste</strong> or separated <strong>waste</strong> streams, including preliminarysorting <strong>and</strong> storage (collecti<strong>on</strong>, separate collecti<strong>on</strong>)checking, cleaning <strong>and</strong> repairing (preparing for re-use)preparati<strong>on</strong> prior to recovery or disposal operati<strong>on</strong>reprocessing <strong>of</strong> <strong>waste</strong> into products/materials or substances (recycling)incinerati<strong>on</strong> with energy recovery, backfilling <strong>and</strong> other recovery notdefined as recycling (other recovery)Waste <strong>management</strong>operati<strong>on</strong>s covered byRoHS by WFD <strong>and</strong> WEEEElectrical Complete <strong>and</strong> set <strong>of</strong>Electr<strong>on</strong>ic <strong>waste</strong> <strong>management</strong> Equipmentc<strong>on</strong>taining operati<strong>on</strong>s hazardous including:substances:- Collecti<strong>on</strong>- Transport- <strong>on</strong> site <strong>of</strong>Recoveryproducti<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> in- the Disposal distributi<strong>on</strong>chain (RoHS)- site <strong>of</strong> <strong>waste</strong>including all <strong>waste</strong>operati<strong>on</strong>s (WEEE)Waste <strong>management</strong>operati<strong>on</strong>s coveredby LD:L<strong>and</strong>fills as “<strong>waste</strong>---------------------------disposal sites for theReferencesdeposit <strong>of</strong> the <strong>waste</strong><strong>on</strong>to or into l<strong>and</strong> (i.e.EUROSTAT 2010:underground)”Waste treatmentfacilities at countrylevel, 2004, 2006available at:http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/<strong>waste</strong>/data/<strong>waste</strong><strong>management</strong>/<strong>waste</strong>_treatmentPRTR 2010: The Pollutant<strong>and</strong> Transfer Registeravailable at:http://prtr.ec.europa.eu/incinerati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>filling (disposal).Annex I <strong>and</strong> II to the WFD set out a n<strong>on</strong>-exhaustive list <strong>of</strong> recovery <strong>and</strong>disposal operati<strong>on</strong>s (R <strong>and</strong> D codes).The L<strong>and</strong>fill Directive <strong>and</strong> the WAC Decisi<strong>on</strong> set the c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s for l<strong>and</strong>fills,defined as “<strong>waste</strong> disposal sites for the deposit <strong>of</strong> the <strong>waste</strong> <strong>on</strong>to or intol<strong>and</strong> (i.e. underground)” inducing internal sites <strong>and</strong> permanent sites usedfor temporary storage). The L<strong>and</strong>fill Directive divides l<strong>and</strong>fills for inert, n<strong>on</strong>hazardous<strong>and</strong> hazardous <strong>waste</strong>.The RoHS <strong>and</strong> WEEE Directives address electrical <strong>and</strong> electr<strong>on</strong>ic equipmentc<strong>on</strong>taining hazardous substances; the RoHS Directive <strong>on</strong> site <strong>of</strong> producti<strong>on</strong><strong>and</strong> in the distributi<strong>on</strong> chain (use <strong>of</strong> hazardous substances in suchequipment, <strong>and</strong> putting it <strong>on</strong> the market) <strong>and</strong> the WEEE Directive <strong>on</strong> site <strong>of</strong><strong>waste</strong> <strong>of</strong> such equipment including all <strong>waste</strong> operati<strong>on</strong>s like collecti<strong>on</strong>,European Commissi<strong>on</strong><str<strong>on</strong>g>Guidance</str<strong>on</strong>g> (Final versi<strong>on</strong>)Services to support Member States' enforcement acti<strong>on</strong>s <strong>and</strong> inspecti<strong>on</strong>s c<strong>on</strong>cerning the applicati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> EU <strong>waste</strong> legislati<strong>on</strong>IPPC 2006: ReferenceDocument <strong>on</strong> BestAvailable Techniques forthe Waste TreatmentsIndustries. August 2006,available at:ftp://ftp.jrc.es/pub/eippcb/doc/wt_bref_0806.pdfEEA 2001: Waste<strong>management</strong> facilities.Technical report 65,prepared by theEuropean --------------------------- Topic Centre <strong>of</strong>Waste, Reference available at:http://scp.ei<strong>on</strong>et.europa.Art. 3 <strong>and</strong> 4, Annex Ieu/publicati<strong>on</strong>s/tech65WFD
07030/2010/576173/SER/C2 27preparing for re-use <strong>and</strong> treatment <strong>of</strong> WEEE including facilities fordepolluti<strong>on</strong>, disassembly, shredding, recovery <strong>and</strong> preparati<strong>on</strong> for disposal.In summary, the manual <strong>and</strong> guidance address in principle the <strong>waste</strong><strong>management</strong> facilities <strong>and</strong> sites al<strong>on</strong>g the <strong>waste</strong> chain starting withcollecti<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> ending with a certain treatment operati<strong>on</strong>, including inparticular WEEE collecti<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> treatment facilities <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>fills.3.2. Informati<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> current existence <strong>of</strong> <strong>waste</strong> operati<strong>on</strong>sThe following informati<strong>on</strong> sources provide data <strong>on</strong> the existence <strong>of</strong> <strong>waste</strong>treatment facilities within the EU:EUROSTAT dataProvidinginformati<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong>number <strong>of</strong>:- Incinerators- Recyclingfacilities- L<strong>and</strong>fill- L<strong>and</strong> treatmentEUROSTAT provides data <strong>on</strong> the number <strong>of</strong> <strong>waste</strong> treatmentfacilities for EU-27 Member States using five categories; data isavailable for 2004 <strong>and</strong> 2006 [EUROSTAT 2010];E-PRTR data <strong>on</strong> reporting <strong>of</strong> <strong>waste</strong> treatment facilities, usinghowever a different categorisati<strong>on</strong> not adding further informati<strong>on</strong>to the data menti<strong>on</strong>ed [PRTR 2010];the BREF document for <strong>waste</strong> treatments industries [IPPC 2006]includes data for certain <strong>waste</strong> treatment opti<strong>on</strong>s;an EEA report <strong>on</strong> <strong>waste</strong> <strong>management</strong> facilities c<strong>on</strong>tains informati<strong>on</strong>about facilities for the treatment <strong>of</strong> hazardous <strong>and</strong> n<strong>on</strong>-hazardous<strong>waste</strong>s, including their type, locati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> capacity [EEA 2001].EUROSTAT data <strong>on</strong> <strong>waste</strong> treatment facilitiesAccording to EUROSTAT, over 70,000 <strong>waste</strong> treatment facilities existed inEU-27 (year 2006). Most <strong>of</strong> these installati<strong>on</strong>s were recycling facilities (morethan 50,000) followed by l<strong>and</strong>fill <strong>and</strong> incinerati<strong>on</strong> (both about 10,000). Onlyfew facilities for l<strong>and</strong> treatment <strong>and</strong> release into water existed.All these <strong>and</strong> newer installati<strong>on</strong>s need to have a permit or registrati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong>need to use measures or apply techniques to assure that their operati<strong>on</strong>sdo not harm human health <strong>and</strong> the envir<strong>on</strong>ment.Table 3.2-1: Overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>waste</strong> treatment facilities according to [EUROSTAT 2010]Incinerati<strong>on</strong>with energyrecovery (R1)Otherincinerati<strong>on</strong> (D10)Recycling(R2-11)L<strong>and</strong>filling(D1, D3-5,D12L<strong>and</strong>treatmentrelease intowater (D2,D6, D7)Total5,170 3,897 50,682 10,286 154 70,189Note: latest data from 2006Data from EUROSTAT, however, <strong>on</strong>ly gives a rough indicati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> relevance<strong>of</strong> the different <strong>waste</strong> treatment facilities as the level <strong>of</strong> differentiati<strong>on</strong> isnot very detailed.---------------------------Further readingEUROSTAT 2010:Waste treatmentfacilities at countrylevel, 2004, 2006http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/<strong>waste</strong>/data/<strong>waste</strong><strong>management</strong>/<strong>waste</strong>_treatmentEuropean Commissi<strong>on</strong><str<strong>on</strong>g>Guidance</str<strong>on</strong>g> (Final versi<strong>on</strong>)Services to support Member States' enforcement acti<strong>on</strong>s <strong>and</strong> inspecti<strong>on</strong>s c<strong>on</strong>cerning the applicati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> EU <strong>waste</strong> legislati<strong>on</strong>
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