arab human development report 2003 - Palestine Remembered

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Cultural interaction129CHAPTER 7SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTUREIntroductionEconomic structureModes of productionDependence on the extraction of raw materials in "rentier" economiesCommodity-based production and franchisingPrevalence of low-skill micro-enterprises and informal sector production activitiesScarcity of medium-sized and large companies based in the Arab regionLack of competitionGrowth, productivity and distributionEconomic growthProductivity in Arab countriesIncome distributionClass structureSocietal incentivesPromoting an Arab renaissance through democratic valuesMigrationThe brain drain131133134134134135136136136137137137138140140143144144CHAPTER 8THE POLITICAL CONTEXTGovernance and lawThe political context for knowledge acquisitionPolitical systems and the cultural elitePatterns of knowledge production and dissemination in the Arab worldThe diversion of knowledge production: separating politics from knowledgeThe role of institutional independence in stimulating the knowledge societyCodifying political power and democracy: a fundamental stage in the establishment of the knowledge societyTowards political systems that serve the knowledge societyThe legal context for knowledge acquisition, production and disseminationIrregularity of the legal structureInactive and nominal lawsDeclining efficiency of the judiciaryFreedom of thought, opinion and expression in the structure of the legal systemThe legal protection of freedomGeneral rules for the exercise of freedomViolation of political and legal guarantees for the protection of freedomRepression of freedoms in emergenciesProtecting creativity and intellectual freedom: copyright lawsThe regional and global environmentPART II- Section four: a strategic vision- the five pillars of the knowledge society147147147147149149150151151151151152152153153153154154155156161CHAPTER 9A STRATEGIC VISION: THE FIVE PILLARS OF THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETYThe state of knowledge in Arab countries and the consequences of perpetuating the status quoThe five pillars of the knowledge society1. Unleashing and guaranteeing the key freedoms of opinion, speech and assembly through good governance2. Disseminating high quality education targeted on educational outcomes and life-long learningImproving learning in early childhoodUniversal basic education for all, extended to grade ten at least163163164165167167167XIII
Creating an efficient system for life-long learningRaising the quality of education at all levelsSpecial attention to improving higher education3. Indigenising science, universalising research and development (R&D) in societal activities and keeping up with the information ageKeeping abreast of the Information Age4. Shifting rapidly towards knowledge-based production5. Establishing an authentic, broadminded and enlightened Arab general knowledge modelDelivering pure religion from political exploitation and honouring ijtihad (scholarship)Advancing the Arabic languageRenovating the Arab general knowledge model: the past as inspiration for the futureEnriching, supporting and celebrating cultural diversity in the regionOpening up to other cultures168168168169171172172172174175175176ReferencesBibliographyAnnex1: List of background papersAnnex 2: Designing a questionnaire to sample the opinions of faculty members in higher education institutions179182186188Statistical Tables on Knowledge in Arab CountriesList of boxes1 The Sheikh of Al-Rabwah, Muhammad ibn Abi Taleb al-Ansari al-Demashqi – The Human Being2 How Do Arabs Feel About the Three Deficits?3 Mohammad Hassanein HeikalThe first Arab Human Development Report: for whom did the bell toll?4 AHDR1 Web Site Statistics5 UNHCHR: War on terror infringing on human rights6 Human Rights Watch Report 2002, Middle East and North Africa: Jenin7 Human Losses in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (Sept 2001- April 2003)8 Material Losses in the Occupied Palestinian Territories in 19 months (until April 2003)1.1 Edward W. Said - What knowledge?1.2 Collective learning: a means for developing knowledge capital or reinforcing the status quo?1.3 Economic characteristics of knowledge1.4 A Cauldron of Cultures1.5 Ahmad Kamal Aboulmagd: Towards a New Language of Faith2.1 Abdul Aziz Al-Muqaleh – Illiteracy: An Obstacle to Knowledge and Modernisation2.2 Morocco: Conflicting signals on knowledge acquisition2.3 The “Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)”2.4 Use of the creative teaching method in Arab medical schools2.5 The Arab Organisation for Translation3.1 Muhamad Ali’s Experience in Scientific Modernisation3.2 Ali Mustafa Mosharrifah - On the importance of the history of science for a knowledge renaissance3.3 Kuwait: Profile of University Graduates3.4 The Ambition of Creativity in the Arab World3.5 Arab Books: a Threatened Species5.1 Pioneering Successful Non-governmental Initiatives - The Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research5.2 The Arab Fund for Science and Technology Development: The Bold Venture That Almost Succeeded5.3 The Arab Science and Technology Foundation, a non-governmental initiative to support researchand development in the Arab world5.4 The Arab Academy for Science & Technology and Maritime Transport6.1 Ibn Khaldoun - On the fact that scientific education is a skill and a profession6.2 Milad Hanna - Religious Harmony and Knowledge in the Arab World.6.3 Al Kawakibi - Despots and Knowledge6.4 Erudition in the Qur’an and the Sunna (prophetic tradition)6.5 Learning and knowledge in the Holy Bible, Old Testament6.6 Technology in the Arab Islamic Civilisation6.7 About Language6.8 Arab North Africa – Language Duality6.9 Amin Maalouf: Protecting Diversity1819202023242525353637424552535657676969727779105106107107114119120120120121122124130XIV
Page 2 and 3: United Nations Development Programm
Page 5 and 6: Immersion, yes, but swamped or drow
Page 7 and 8: level of development, help all its
Page 9 and 10: interrelated issues in some depth.
Page 11: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSAFTAAHDIA
Page 14 and 15: The Arab knowledge civilisation: so
Page 18 and 19: 7.1 Patriarchal Society in Arab Cou
Page 20 and 21: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe first Arab Hum
Page 22 and 23: nowadays can provide the means to e
Page 24 and 25: presence of significant human capit
Page 26 and 27: movements with an Islamic mark unde
Page 29 and 30: Arab citizens areincreasingly pushe
Page 31 and 32: Constitutions, lawsand administrati
Page 33 and 34: PART IChanges in human development
Page 35 and 36: The challenge ofbuilding humandevel
Page 37 and 38: The AHDR was a bellthat rang at the
Page 39 and 40: Governments, statingconsiderations
Page 41 and 42: BOX 6Human Rights Watch Report 2002
Page 43 and 44: Occupation posed toIraqis a new cha
Page 45 and 46: Arab countries, onaverage, continue
Page 47 and 48: In most Arab countriesthe march of
Page 49 and 50: The core challenges tohuman develop
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER 1Conceptual framework: know
Page 53 and 54: level of society, between knowledge
Page 55 and 56: it. As such, the returns to knowled
Page 57 and 58: knowledge vary and interact, especi
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Page 61 and 62: BOX 1.5Ahmad Kamal Aboulmagd: Towar
Page 63 and 64: Figure 1.4PC availability and Inter
Page 65 and 66: PART IISection two: the state of kn
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The most seriousproblem facing Arab
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Communication ineducation is didact
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One of the mainfeatures of manyuniv
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The evaluation indicates that priva
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Official Arab satellitechannels dom
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The harassment ofthe press under th
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Figure 2.7Personal computers: Arab
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There is clearly alarger role for t
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ooks for translation in order to fu
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Arabic research activitycontinues t
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Workers in scientific research andd
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TABLE 3.3Number of scientific resea
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Restricting intellectualfreedom is
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Figure 3.3Number of publications -
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when economic crises and security c
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The main threat to freeliterature a
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CHAPTER 4Measuring knowledge capita
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noted, the current attempt to measu
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esearch and development and arts pr
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velopment. Does the disparity in hu
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ple)7. Book titles (per million peo
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Despite the methodological and othe
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Figure 5.1:Actors and linkages in t
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Industrial R&Dinstitutions are weak
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Until Arab countriesdevelop andseam
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Governments havelarge responsibilit
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sibilities of information and commu
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Joint Euro-Arab R&Dactivities in th
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PART IISection three: the cultural,
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The issue of Arabintellectual herit
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The Arab mentality (is)a system tha
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Heritage has been adynamic contribu
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BOX 6.3Al Kawakibi (1854-1902) Desp
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The Arabic language isthe distincti
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BOX 6.8Arab North Africa - Language
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The re-birth of theArabic language
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Traditionaloccupations and craftsar
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Arab contemporaryculture is general
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CHAPTER 7Socio-economic structureTh
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tivities.The first consequence of t
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also narrowed markets. Yet it is wo
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The volume of Arab capital invested
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BOX 7.1Patriarchal Society in Arab
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amid the contraction of domestic ec
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knowledge societies in Arab countri
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The isolation ofcultural elites has
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The goal should be toinstitutionali
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BOX 8.3Imam Muhammad Abduh(1849-190
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Penalties meted out tojournalists,
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Disregard forintellectual propertyp
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Concerns that theworld economicsyst
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BOX 8.6Trade and Development: Prebi
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CHAPTER 9A strategic vision: the fi
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1. UNLEASHING ANDGUARANTEEING THE K
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certed efforts of the state, civil
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programmes of higher education inst
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also initiate innovation: it could
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BOX 9.4Imams (religious leaders) ad
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cially useful in the production of
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just one external point of referenc
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ReferencesEnglish ReferencesAmnesty
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Egyptian Sociology". National Centr
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Maalouf, Amin, 2001.In the Name of
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Fasl Al-Makal fi Taqrir ma bain Al-
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Clovis Maksoud, Introduction to the
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Elements of opinion survey of Arab
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Table A-1NET ENROLMENT RATIOS (%) I
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Table A-5PUPILS PER TEACHER RATIO B
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Table A-9RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF T
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198 ARAB HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2
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Table A-10VALUES OF INDICATORS ON K
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Table A-13VALUES OF KNOWLEDGE OUTCO
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