Educating Our Educators Guide for Staff - Algoma District School ...

These Treaties have never been abridged or repealed, and stand as a positive guarantee of First Nationsself-determination. The Treaties depicted in Wampum Belts, written Historic Indian Treaties and the RoyalProclamation of 1763 are recognized and protected under sections 25 and 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982.In Ontario, there are over 40 Historic Indian Treaties that have been negotiated with the First Nations. Many of thesetreaties, include the Treaty of Niagara of 1764, and the Robinson-Huron Treaty of 1850. In Northern Ontario, severalmajor historical Treaties were negotiated. These include the Bond Head (Manitoulin Island) Treaty of 1836, theRobinson-Superior Treaty (1850), the Robinson-Huron Treaty (1850), the Manitoulin Island Treaty of (1862),Treaty 3 (1873), Treaty 5 (1875), and Treaty 9 (1905-1930).Note: Treaty No. 9. In response to continuous petitions from the Cree and Ojibwa people of northernOntario, and in keeping with its policy of paving the way for settlement and development, the federalgovernment in 1905-1906 negotiated Treaty 9, also known as the James Bay Treaty. For the first andonly time, a provincial government took an active role in negotiations. Together with the areaacquired by adhesions in 1929-1930, Treaty 9 covers almost two-thirds of the area that becamenorthern Ontario.The Williams Treaties of 1923, were negotiated in what is now known as Southern Ontario. These were the lasttreaties signed by the Canadian government.The two Robinson Treaties of 1850 and Treaty 9 (1905) are located within the territory covered by the Algoma DistrictSchool Board. )Modern Treaties are also known as Final Agreements or Land Claim Agreements. They are the result ofnegotiations surrounding Comprehensive Land Claims.First Nation, Metis and Inuit Land Claims and TreatiesEducating Our Educators – Educating Our Aboriginal StudentsRevised March 201146