ASTER User's Guide - NASA

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3.0 ASTER Level-1 DataThe ASTER instrument produces two types of Level-1 data: Level-1A (L1A) and Level-1B(L1B). ASTER L1A data are formally defined as reconstructed, unprocessed instrument data atfull resolution. They consist of the image data, the radiometric coefficients, the geometriccoefficients and other auxiliary data without applying the coefficients to the image data, thusmaintaining original data values. The L1B data are generated by applying these coefficients forradiometric calibration and geometric resampling.All acquired image data are processed to L1A. On-board storage limitations on the spacecraftlimit ASTER’s acquisition to about 650 L1A scenes per day. A maximum of 310 scenes per dayare processed to L1B based on cloud coverage. The end-to-end flow of data, from upload ofdaily acquisition schedules to archiving at the LP-DAAC, is shown in Figure 6. The major stepsinvolved in the processing of Level-1 data can be summarized thus:• The one-day acquisition schedule is generated in Japan at ASTER GDS with inputs fromboth US and Japan, and is sent to the EOS Operations Center (EOC) at the GoddardSpaceflight Center (GSFC).• The one-day acquisition schedule is uplinked to Terra, and data are accordingly acquired.• Terra transmits the Level-0 data via the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System(TDRSS), to ground receiving stations at White Sands, New Mexico in the US.• These data are shipped on tape to the EOS Data Operations System (EDOS) at GSFC.• EDOS, following some minimal pre-processing, ships the data on tapes (by air) toASTER GDS in Tokyo, Japan• GDS processes Level-0 to Level-0A in the Front-End Processing Module which includes:o Depacketizing Level-0 Data: a depacketizing function to recover the instrumentsource data. The packets for each group are depacketized and aligned to recoverthe instrument source data using a sequential counter, flags in the primary header,and time tags in the secondary header. The spectral band information in theinstrument source data is multiplexed with the image in Band Interleaved by Pixel(BIP) format.o Demultiplexing Instrument Source Data: a demultiplexing function to separateimage data into spectral bands in BSQ format. The instrument source data aredemultiplexed to separate image data for every spectral band in BSQ format.Each (Level-0A) data group (VNIR, SWIR, & TIR) contains image data,instrument supplementary data, & spacecraft ancillary data.o SWIR and TIR Image Data Stagger Realignment: SWIR and TIR image data arere-aligned to compensate for a staggered configuration. The SWIR parallax erroris caused by the offset in the detector alignment in the along-track direction. Theparallax correction is done with a combination of image matching correlation andDEM methods.o Geometric system correction: Coordinate transformation of the line of sight vectorusing the ancillary information from the instrument supplementary data andspacecraft ancillary data to identify the observation points in latitude/longitudecoordinates on the Earth’s surface defined by the WGS84 Earth model.
ASTER Users Handbooko Radiometric coefficients are generated using real temperature values in theinstrument supplementary data.• ASTER GDS ships the final ASTER L1A and L1B data on tapes (by air) to theLP-DAAC for archiving, distribution, and processing to higher level data products.17
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